Mechanical Valves: Past, Present, and Future—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. History and Trends
3. Current Guidelines
4. Clinical Outcomes of Mechanical vs. Bioprosthetic Valve
4.1. Survival
4.2. Reoperation
4.3. Bleeding
4.4. Stroke
5. Anticoagulants
6. Alternatives
6.1. Aortic Valve
6.2. Mitral Valve
7. Future Directions
7.1. DOACs
7.2. Trileaflet Valve
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ACC/AHA | ESC/EACTS | ||
---|---|---|---|
AVR | Mechanical | <50 years | <60 years |
Bioprosthetic | >65 years | ||
Shared decision-making | 50–65 years | 60–65 years | |
MVR | Mechanical | <65 years | |
Bioprosthetic | >65 years | >70 years | |
Shared decision-making | N/I | 65–70 years |
Age | AVR/MVR | |
---|---|---|
Survival | <50 years | Favors mechanical |
50–65 years | Inconclusive | |
>65 years | Favors bioprosthetic | |
Reoperation | <65 years | Favors mechanical |
Bleeding | All ages | Favors bioprosthetic |
Stroke | All ages | No difference |
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Leviner, D.B.; Abraham, D.; Ronai, T.; Sharoni, E. Mechanical Valves: Past, Present, and Future—A Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133768
Leviner DB, Abraham D, Ronai T, Sharoni E. Mechanical Valves: Past, Present, and Future—A Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(13):3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133768
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeviner, Dror B., Dana Abraham, Tom Ronai, and Erez Sharoni. 2024. "Mechanical Valves: Past, Present, and Future—A Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13: 3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133768
APA StyleLeviner, D. B., Abraham, D., Ronai, T., & Sharoni, E. (2024). Mechanical Valves: Past, Present, and Future—A Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(13), 3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133768