Peripheral Artery Disease among a High-Risk Asian Population with Ischaemic Stroke, Cardiovascular Disease, or Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Overall (n = 450) | Ischaemic Stroke (n = 150) | Cardiovascular Disease (n = 150) | Diabetes Mellitus (n = 150) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years mean ± SD | 61.9 ± 10.3 | 62.7 ± 10.2 | 61.2 ± 11.3 | 61.7 ± 9.5 | 0.438 |
Female % | 43.1 | 44.7 | 30.7 | 54.0 | <0.001 |
BMI | 23.9 ± 4.3 | 24.1 ± 4.1 | 24.0 ± 4.2 | 23.8 ± 4.5 | 0.76 |
Hypertension % | 59.3 | 63.3 | 56.7 | 58.0 | 0.46 |
Diabetes mellitus % | 63.6 | 43.3 | 47.3 | 100.0 | <0.001 |
Number of years of diabetes mellitus if diabetic; years mean ± SD | 10.5 ± 9.1 | 9.8 ± 7.5 | 10.9 ± 8.4 | 10.7 ± 10.0 | 0.76 |
Hypercholesterolaemia % | 39.6 | 30.0 | 52.0 | 36.7 | <0.001 |
Smoker % | 42.9 | 38.0 | 54.0 | 36.7 | <0.001 |
Previous stroke % | 14.9 | 18.7 | 7.3 | 18.7 | 0.006 |
Previous myocardial infarction % | 11.3 | 3.3 | 18.0 | 12.7 | 0.001 |
Intermittent claudication % | 18.4 | 16.0 | 15.3 | 24.0 | 0.098 |
PAD by Edinburgh Questionnaire % | 11.1 | 12.0 | 8.7 | 12.7 | 0.26 |
PAD by ABI % | 27.1 | 22.0 | 29.3 | 30.0 | 0.224 |
Disease | Subtype | PAD Present (n) | PAD Absent (n) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ischaemic stroke | Lacunar | 16 | 81 | 0.03 |
Non-lacunar | 17 | 13 | ||
Cardiovascular disease | Unstable angina | 15 | 44 | 0.56 |
ST elevation myocardial infarction | 11 | 28 | ||
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction | 18 | 34 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | Insulin-dependant | 3 | 2 | 0.14 |
Non-insulin dependant | 42 | 103 |
Characteristic | PAD Present (n = 122) | PAD Absent (n = 328) | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years mean ± SD | 65.1 ± 10.1 | 60.65 ± 10.2 | 0.001 | 1.04/year | 1.01–1.06 | <0.001 |
Female % | 52.5 | 39.6 | 0.015 | 1.50 | 0.96–2.33 | 0.07 |
BMI | 23.1 ± 4.5 | 24.3 ± 4.1 | 0.014 | 0.94 | 0.89–0.99 | 0.026 |
Hypertension % | 61.5 | 58.5 | 0.57 | |||
Diabetes mellitus % | 75.4 | 59.1 | 0.001 | 1.95 | 1.20–3.18 | 0.007 |
Number of years of diabetes mellitus if diabetic; years mean ± SD | 11.8 ± 9.2 | 9.9 ± 8.9 | 0.094 | |||
Hypercholesterolemia % | 50.0 | 35.7 | 0.006 | 1.82 | 1.17–2.82 | 0.007 |
Smoker % | 41.0 | 43.6 | 0.62 | |||
Index disease | 0.224 | |||||
Ischaemic stroke | 27.0 | 35.7 | ||||
Cardiovascular disease | 36.1 | 32.3 | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 36.9 | 32.0 | ||||
Intermittent claudication % | 30.3 | 14.0 | <0.001 | |||
PAD by Edinburgh Questionnaire % | 19.7 | 7.9 | <0.001 |
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Venketasubramanian, N.; Mak, K.H.; Loh, K.C.; Tan, J. Peripheral Artery Disease among a High-Risk Asian Population with Ischaemic Stroke, Cardiovascular Disease, or Diabetes Mellitus. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3657. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133657
Venketasubramanian N, Mak KH, Loh KC, Tan J. Peripheral Artery Disease among a High-Risk Asian Population with Ischaemic Stroke, Cardiovascular Disease, or Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(13):3657. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133657
Chicago/Turabian StyleVenketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Koon Hou Mak, Keh Chuan Loh, and John Tan. 2024. "Peripheral Artery Disease among a High-Risk Asian Population with Ischaemic Stroke, Cardiovascular Disease, or Diabetes Mellitus" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13: 3657. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133657
APA StyleVenketasubramanian, N., Mak, K. H., Loh, K. C., & Tan, J. (2024). Peripheral Artery Disease among a High-Risk Asian Population with Ischaemic Stroke, Cardiovascular Disease, or Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(13), 3657. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133657