Tinnitus Is Marginally Associated with Body Mass Index, Heart Rate and Arterial Blood Pressure: Results from a Large Clinical Sample
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Clinical Sample
2.2. Control Sample
2.3. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Comparison with the Population-Based Control Group
3.2. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Analysis within the Clinical Patient Sample
4. Discussion
Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jarach, C.M.; Lugo, A.; Scala, M.; van den Brandt, P.A.; Cederroth, C.R.; Odone, A.; Garavello, W.; Schlee, W.; Langguth, B.; Gallus, S. Global Prevalence and Incidence of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2022, 79, 888–900. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Ridder, D.; Schlee, W.; Vanneste, S.; Londero, A.; Weisz, N.; Kleinjung, T.; Shekhawat, G.S.; Elgoyhen, A.B.; Song, J.-J.; Andersson, G.; et al. Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal). Prog. Brain Res. 2021, 260, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Baguley, D.; McFerran, D.; Hall, D. Tinnitus. Lancet 2013, 382, 1600–1607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Biswas, R.; Genitsaridi, E.; Trpchevska, N.; Lugo, A.; Schlee, W.; Cederroth, C.R.; Gallus, S.; Hall, D.A. Low Evidence for Tinnitus Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 2023, 24, 81–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Figueiredo, R.R.; Azevedo, A.A.; Penido, N.O. Positive Association between Tinnitus and Arterial Hypertension. Front. Neurol. 2016, 7, 171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martines, F.; Sireci, F.; Cannizzaro, E.; Costanzo, R.; Martines, E.; Mucia, M.; Plescia, F.; Salvago, P. Clinical observations and risk factors for tinnitus in a Sicilian cohort. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2015, 272, 2719–2729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, P.; Ma, W.; Zheng, Y.; Yang, H.; Lin, H. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association between Hypertension and Tinnitus. Int. J. Hypertens. 2015, 2015, 583493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vanneste, S.; De Ridder, D. Brain areas controlling heart rate variability in tinnitus and tinnitus-related distress. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e59728. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bayraktar, C.; Tasolar, S. Relationship between increased carotid artery stiffness and idiopathic subjective tinnitus. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2017, 274, 2125–2130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fukatsu, M.; Yamada, T.; Suzuki, S.; Yoneyama, A.; Joh, T. Tinnitus is associated with increase in the intima-media thickness of carotid arteries. Am. J. Med. Sci. 2011, 342, 2–4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- German National Cohort (NAKO). The German National Cohort: Aims, study design and organization. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2014, 29, 371–382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Landgrebe, M.; Zeman, F.; Koller, M.; Eberl, Y.; Mohr, M.; Reiter, J.; Staudinger, S.; Hajak, G.; Langguth, B. The Tinnitus Research Initiative (TRI) database: A new approach for delineation of tinnitus subtypes and generation of predictors for treatment outcome. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 2010, 10, 42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peters, A.; German National Cohort (NAKO); Greiser, K.H.; Gottlicher, S.; Ahrens, W.; Albrecht, M.; Bamberg, F.; Bärnighausen, T.; Becher, H.; Bohn, B.; et al. Framework and baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2022, 37, 1107–1124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maechler, M.R.P.; Croux, C.; Todorov, V.; Ruckstuhl, A.; Salibian-Barrera, M.; Verbeke, T.; Koller, M.; Conceicao, E.L.; Anna di Palma, M. robustbase: Basic Robust Statistics. R package version 0.95-1, 2023 May 5th, 2023.
- Koller, M.; Stahel, W.A. Nonsingular subsampling for regression S estimators with categorical predictors. Comput. Stat. 2017, 32, 631–646. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mahboubi, H.; Oliaei, S.; Kiumehr, S.; Dwabe, S.; Djalilian, H.R. The prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus in the youth population of the United States. Laryngoscope 2013, 123, 2001–2008. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, D.H.; Kim, Y.S.; Chae, H.S.; Han, K. Nationwide analysis of the relationships between mental health, body mass index and tinnitus in premenopausal female adults in Korea: 2010–2012 KNHANES. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 7028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cresswell, M.; Casanova, F.; Beaumont, R.N.; Wood, A.R.; Ronan, N.; Hilton, M.P.; Tyrrell, J. Understanding Factors that Cause Tinnitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank. Ear Heart 2022, 43, 70–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- van der, L.E.; Congedo, M.; Vanneste, S.; Van de, H.P.; De Ridder, D. Insular lateralization in tinnitus distress. Auton. Neurosci. 2011, 165, 191–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Betz, L.T.; Muhlberger, A.; Langguth, B.; Schecklmann, M. Stress Reactivity in Chronic Tinnitus. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 41521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fujii, K.; Nagata, C.; Nakamura, K.; Kawachi, T.; Takatsuka, N.; Oba, S.; Shimizu, H. Prevalence of tinnitus in community-dwelling Japanese adults. J. Epidemiol. 2011, 21, 299–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shargorodsky, J.; Curhan, G.C.; Farwell, W.R. Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among US adults. Am. J. Med. 2010, 123, 711–718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gibrin, P.C.; Melo, J.J.; Marchiori, L.L. Prevalence of tinnitus complaints and probable association with hearing loss, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in elderly. Codas 2013, 25, 176–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ramage-Morin, P.L.; Gilmour, H.; Banks, R.; Pineault, D.; Atrach, M. Hypertension associated with hearing health problems among Canadian adults aged 19 to 79 years. Health Rep. 2021, 32, 14–26. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Samelli, A.G.; Santos, I.S.; Padilha, F.; Gomes, R.F.; Moreira, R.R.; Rabelo, C.M.; Matas, C.G.; Bensenor, I.M.; Lotufo, P.A. Hearing loss, tinnitus, and hypertension: Analysis of the baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Clinics 2021, 76, e2370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- House, L.; Bishop, C.E.; Spankovich, C.; Su, D.; Valle, K.; Schweinfurth, J. Tinnitus and its risk factors in african americans: The Jackson Heart Study. Laryngoscope 2018, 128, 1668–1675. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arnold, M.L.; Dhar, S.; Lee, D.J.; Perreira, K.M.; Pupo, D.; Tsalatsanis, A.; Sanchez, V.A. Sex-Specific Prevalence, Demographic Characteristics, and Risk Factors of Tinnitus in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am. J. Audiol. 2022, 31, 78–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stohler, N.A.; Reinau, D.; Jick, S.S.; Bodmer, D.; Meier, C.R. A study on the epidemiology of tinnitus in the United Kingdom. Clin. Epidemiol. 2019, 11, 855–871. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Female (N = 381) | Male (N = 685) | Total (N = 1066) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age [yrs] | 51.1 (±13.7) | 51.4 (±12.2) | 51.3 (±12.8) |
THI score | 49.4 (±22.2) | 47.3 (±23.1) | 48.0 (±22.8) |
Missing THI score | 5 (1.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 7 (0.7%) |
Height [m] | 1.66 (±0.069) | 1.78 (±0.069) | 1.74 (±0.091) |
Weight [kg] | 68.7 (±12.8) | 86.8 (±15.0) | 80.3 (±16.7) |
BMI [kg/m2] | 24.9 (±4.5) | 27.2 (±4.3) | 26.4 (±4.5) |
HR [bpm] | 71.5 (±10.6) | 69.1 (±11.6) | 70.0 (±11.3) |
RR syst [mmHg] | 132 (±19.8) | 139 (±17.2) | 136 (±18.5) |
RR diast [mmHg] | 82.4 (±11.9) | 86.1 (±11.7) | 84.8 (±11.9) |
Female (N = 4922) | Male (N = 4963) | Total (N = 9885) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age [yrs] | 50.0 (±12.7) | 49.9 (±12.8) | 50.0 (±12.8) |
Height [m] | 1.65 (±0.065) | 178 (±0.070) | 171 (±0.095) |
Weight [kg] | 70.9 (±14.9) | 87.0 (±15.1) | 79.0 (±17.1) |
BMI [kg/m2] | 26.2 (±5.5) | 27.4 (±4.5) | 26.8 (±5.1) |
HR [bpm] | 68.8 (±10.2) | 67.3 (±11.4) | 68.0 (±10.8) |
RR syst [mmHg] | 126 (±17.8) | 134 (±15.8) | 130 (±17.2) |
RR diast [mmHg] | 78.1 (±9.9) | 81.7 (±10.1) | 79.9 (±10.2) |
Term | Estimate | Std. Error | t-Statistic | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Body Mass Index [kg/m2] R2 = 11.7% | ||||
(Intercept) | 20.34 | 0.17 | 120.47 | <0.001 |
Group | −0.57 | 0.14 | −4.16 | <0.001 |
Age | 0.10 | 0.00 | 31.99 | <0.001 |
Gender | 1.69 | 0.08 | 20.69 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure [mmHg] R2 = 21.5% | ||||
(Intercept) | 91.05 | 0.87 | 105.15 | <0.001 |
Group | 4.91 | 0.49 | 10.03 | <0.001 |
Age | 0.39 | 0.01 | 33.46 | <0.001 |
Gender | 7.42 | 0.29 | 25.49 | <0.001 |
BMI | 0.56 | 0.03 | 18.64 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg] R2 = 13.5% | ||||
(Intercept) | 60.40 | 0.56 | 108.38 | <0.001 |
Group | 4.13 | 0.32 | 13.05 | <0.001 |
Age | 0.13 | 0.01 | 17.68 | <0.001 |
Gender | 3.11 | 0.19 | 16.67 | <0.001 |
BMI | 0.41 | 0.02 | 21.44 | <0.001 |
Heart rate [bpm] R2 = 3.9% | ||||
(Intercept) | 62.11 | 0.61 | 102.15 | <0.001 |
Group | 2.30 | 0.34 | 6.77 | <0.001 |
Age | −0.06 | 0.01 | −7.48 | <0.001 |
Gender | −2.43 | 0.20 | −11.97 | <0.001 |
BMI | 0.36 | 0.02 | 17.34 | <0.001 |
Term | Estimate | Std. Error | t-Statistic | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
THI score R2 = 1.1% | ||||
(Intercept) | 35.17 | 4.89 | 7.18 | <0.001 |
Age | 0.06 | 0.06 | 1.03 | 0.304 |
Sex | −3.39 | 1.61 | −2.11 | 0.035 |
BMI | 0.43 | 0.17 | 2.47 | 0.014 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Langguth, B.; Bulla, J.; Fischer, B.; Baurecht, H.; Schecklmann, M.; Marcrum, S.C.; Vielsmeier, V. Tinnitus Is Marginally Associated with Body Mass Index, Heart Rate and Arterial Blood Pressure: Results from a Large Clinical Sample. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093321
Langguth B, Bulla J, Fischer B, Baurecht H, Schecklmann M, Marcrum SC, Vielsmeier V. Tinnitus Is Marginally Associated with Body Mass Index, Heart Rate and Arterial Blood Pressure: Results from a Large Clinical Sample. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(9):3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093321
Chicago/Turabian StyleLangguth, Berthold, Jan Bulla, Beate Fischer, Hansjoerg Baurecht, Martin Schecklmann, Steven C. Marcrum, and Veronika Vielsmeier. 2023. "Tinnitus Is Marginally Associated with Body Mass Index, Heart Rate and Arterial Blood Pressure: Results from a Large Clinical Sample" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 9: 3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093321
APA StyleLangguth, B., Bulla, J., Fischer, B., Baurecht, H., Schecklmann, M., Marcrum, S. C., & Vielsmeier, V. (2023). Tinnitus Is Marginally Associated with Body Mass Index, Heart Rate and Arterial Blood Pressure: Results from a Large Clinical Sample. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(9), 3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093321