Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Right Ventricular Remodeling: Do We Have All the Answers?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanisms of RV Remodeling in OSA
2.1. RV Structure
2.2. RV Diastolic Function
2.3. RA Remodeling
2.4. RV Systolic Function
2.5. RV Mechanics
2.6. The Effect of CPAP on Reverse RV Remodeling
3. Clinical Impact
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RV Structure and Volume | RV Diastolic Function | RV Systolic Function | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | n | Age (Years) | BMI (kg/m2) | AHI (n/h) | RVT | RVD | 3D RVV | E/A | E/e’ | TAPSE | FAC | s’ | MPI | 3D RVEF |
Tugcu et al. [13] | 27 | 54 ± 10 | 31.1 ± 5.1 | 40 ± 22 | → | → | / | → | / | → | / | → | / | / |
Amor et al. [16] | 139 | 54.1 ± 11 | 36.9 ± 7.4 | / | ↑ | ↑ | / | / | / | ↓ | / | / | / | / |
Chetan et al. [17] | 69 | 59 (51–67) | 34 (30.8–40.2) | 28.6 (18.3; 42.1) | / | ↑ | / | / | / | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | / | ↓ |
Li et al. [18] | 69 | 48.3 ± 6.4 | 29.5 ± 3.5 | 12.7 ± 2.0 | ↑ | ↑ | / | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | / | / | / |
47.9 ± 7.8 | 29.9 ± 5.8 | 24.0 ± 3.6 | ||||||||||||
49.6 ± 5.6 | 34 ± 4.0 | 40.8 ± 5.0 | ||||||||||||
Harańczyk et al. [19] | 50 | 60.3 ± 10.3 | 34.1 ± 6.0 | 37.4 ± 19.2 | / | ↑ | / | / | / | ↓ | / | → | / | / |
D’Andrea et al. [20] | 55 | 67.8 ± 11.2 | 33.6 ± 6.6 | 35.1 ± 15.4 | → | → | / | ↓ | ↑ | → | / | → | / | / |
Kepez et al. [21] | 85 | 48.8 ± 8.2 48.6 ± 9.2 | 28.4 ± 3.4 31.5 ± 4.9 | 15 ± 13 46 ± 42 | / | → | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Güvenç et al. [22] | 41 | 48 ± 9 | 32.0 ± 4.6 | 53.4 ± 18.5 | → | → | ↑ | → | ↑ | → | / | → | / | → |
Vitarelli et al. [23] | 37 | 47.9 ± 10.3 47.6 ± 9.1 48.1 ± 10.2 | 26.9 ± 5.8 27.4 ± 5.5 28.2 ± 6.3 | 7.1 ± 1.9 19.8 ± 2.7 58.9 ± 9.1 | ↑ | / | ↑ | / | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Maripov et al. [24] | 1503 | / | / | / | ↑ | ↑ | / | / | / | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | / |
Altekin et al. [25] | 58 | 47.0 ± 6.4 46.8 ± 5 46.7 ± 7.6 | 28.7 ± 3.4 29.1 ± 2.3 29.8 ± 2.4 | 10.7 ± 2.6 20.5 ± 2.6 58.1 ± 16.3 | / | / | / | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | / | → | ↑ | / |
Buonauro et al. [26] | 59 | 54.4 ± 11.2 | 33.2 ± 7.2 | 42.0 ± 24.3 | / | ↑ | → | / | / | → | / | → | / | → |
Hammerstingl et al. [27] | 154 | 61.7 ± 12.4 | 31.1 ± 5.8 | 35.9 ± 28.4 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | → | → | / |
Tadic et al. [8] | 337 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | → | / | / | / | / |
Baseline RV Mechanics | RV Systolic Function and Mechanics after CPAP | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | n | Age | BMI | AHI | RV GLS | Free-Wall RVLS | TAPSE | FAC | s’ | RV GLS | Free-Wall RVLS |
Tugcu et al. [13] | 27 | 54 ± 10 | 31.1 ± 5.1 | 40 ± 22 | / | ↓ | / | / | / | / | / |
Amor et al. [16] | 139 | 54.1 ± 11 | 36.9 ± 7.4 | / | / | / | → | / | / | / | / |
Chetan et al. [17] | 69 | 59 (51–67) | 34 (30.8–40.2) | 28.6 (18.3; 42.1) | ↓ | ↓ | |||||
D’Andrea et al. [20] | 55 | 67.8 ± 11.2 | 33.6 ± 6.6 | 35.1 ± 15.4 | ↓ | ↓ | → | / | → | ↑ | ↑ |
Kepez et al. [21] | 85 | 48.8 ± 8.2 48.6 ± 9.2 | 28.4 ± 3.4 31.5 ± 4.9 | 15 ± 13 46 ± 42 | ↓ | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Tugcu et al. [13] | |||||||||||
Güvenç et al. [22] | 41 | 48 ± 9 | 32.0 ± 4.6 | 53.4 ± 18.5 | → | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Vitarelli et al. [23] | 37 | / | / | / | ↓ | ↓ | → | → | → | ↑ | ↑ |
Altekin et al. [25] | 58 | 47.0 ± 6.4 46.8 ± 5 46.7 ± 7.6 | 28.7 ± 3.4 29.1 ± 2.3 29.8 ± 2.4 | 10.7 ± 2.6 20.5 ± 2.6 58.1 ± 16.3 | ↓ | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Buonauro et al. [26] | 59 | 54.4 ± 11.2 | 33.2 ± 7.2 | 42.0 ± 24.3 | ↓ | ↓ | / | / | / | / | / |
Hammerstingl et al. [27] | 154 | 61.7 ± 12.4 | 31.1 ± 5.8 | 35.9 ± 28.4 | ↓ | ↓ | / | / | / | / | / |
Hammerstingl et al. [31] | 82 | 63.3 ± 11.5 | 30.7 ± 5.5 | 31.4 ± 26.8 | / | / | → | / | → | ↑ | ↑ |
Kim et al. [32] | 26 | 49.1 ± 11.4 | 27.8 ± 2.8 | 64.2 ± 20.5 | / | / | / | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | → |
Tadic et al. [9] | 337 | / | / | / | / | / | → | / | / | ↑ | / |
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Tadic, M.; Cuspidi, C. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Right Ventricular Remodeling: Do We Have All the Answers? J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062421
Tadic M, Cuspidi C. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Right Ventricular Remodeling: Do We Have All the Answers? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(6):2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062421
Chicago/Turabian StyleTadic, Marijana, and Cesare Cuspidi. 2023. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Right Ventricular Remodeling: Do We Have All the Answers?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 6: 2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062421
APA StyleTadic, M., & Cuspidi, C. (2023). Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Right Ventricular Remodeling: Do We Have All the Answers? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(6), 2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062421