Rehabilitation of Soccer Players’ Knee Injuries: Cartilage Reconstruction, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery, and Intensive Recovery—A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Selection
2.2. Operation Procedure
2.3. Follow-Up Evaluation
2.4. Rehabilitation Protocol
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. KOOS and SF-36 Scale
3.2. Functional Assessment
3.3. Radiological Evaluation
3.4. Complications
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Knee Joint n = 12 | |
---|---|
Age, Mean ± SD | 26 ± 4 |
Sporting activity | |
Professional | 12 |
Gender F/M | 0/12 |
Cause of damage | |
Traumatic | 12 |
Non-traumatic | 0 |
Location of the lesion | |
LFC | 0 |
MFC | 12 |
Size of the lesion [mm2] | 60 ± 12 |
Stage | Time Frame | Physiotherapy Treatments | Exercises |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Depending on the individual progress and abilities of the patient, which typically takes around 1 week on average. | Learning to walk with crutches. Cooling Electrostimulation Lymphatic drainage Manual therapy, mobilisation of the patella Patient education Rolling of the operated and non-operated limb | Learning the proper walking Trampoline Exercises Active exercises to improve range of motion Mini squats and lunges |
2 | Depending on the individual progress and abilities of the patient, it typically takes between 2 and 3 weeks on average. | As in stage 1, without crutches. In addition: flossing | As above, by increasing the difficulty of the exercises, Stabilization and proprioception training using unstable ground Training with the use of elastic bands Exercises on one limb Full squat Muscle strength exercises Driving, life activities without restrictions Exercises on a stationary bicycle Exercises in a swimming pool |
3 | Depending on the individual progress and abilities of the patient, which typically takes around 3 to 16 weeks on average. | Treatments as described above and, in addition: Manual therapy Customization of treatments for specific conditions | Plyometric exercises (jumping and landing drills) Running and jogging training (initially, for example, with an antigravity treadmill or aquatic therapy) Coordination and speed exercises Resistance training with added weight Proprioceptive training with unstable surfaces Resistance band exercises Swimming Straight-line running exercises |
4 | Depending on the individual progress and abilities of the patient, it typically takes around 4 to 6 months on average. | Treatments as described above | Sport-specific exercises that are highly specialised in the discipline Continual development of strength, muscle control, proprioception, and active stabilisation Gradual increase in exercise intensity, such as adding new loads and increasing the number of repetitions Education of the patient about injury prevention principles Gradual re-introduction to the sport Participation in matches and competitions |
Preoperative | Six Months Postoperatively | One Year Postoperatively | Statistical Significance (p) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Mean Value ± SD | Mean Value ± SD | Mean Value ± SD | (Before/Half a Year) | (Before/One Year) | |
KOOS Score | Patients (n) | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||
Pain intensity | 66 ± 13 | 98 ± 3 | 95 ± 7 | ** | ** | |
Symptoms | 47 ± 16 | 95 ± 5 | 90 ± 12 | ** | ** | |
Activities of daily living | 66 ± 19 | 99 ± 3 | 98 ± 4 | ** | ** | |
Sport/Rec | 26 ± 9 | 91 ± 23 | 88 ± 23 | ** | ** | |
Quality of life | 38 ± 18 | 70 ± 16 | 77 ± 14 | ** | ** | |
SF-36 scale | Patients (n) | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||
Physical Function | 63 ± 28 | 90 ± 23 | 97 ± 3 | * | ** | |
Role Physical | 61 ± 40 | 71 ± 23 | 87 ± 17 | |||
Bodily Pain | 47 ± 22 | 76 ± 10 | 84 ± 15 | ** | ** | |
General Health | 72 ± 20 | 71 ± 9 | 70 ± 9 | |||
Vitality | 62 ± 13 | 62 ± 13 | 68 ± 9 | |||
Social Function | 60 ± 29 | 84 ± 19 | 89 ± 13 | * | ** | |
Role of Emotional | 60 ± 34 | 85 ± 15 | 90 ± 19 | |||
Mental health | 55 ± 20 | 67 ± 9 | 67 ± 9 |
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Kacprzak, B.; Rosińska, K. Rehabilitation of Soccer Players’ Knee Injuries: Cartilage Reconstruction, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery, and Intensive Recovery—A Pilot Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 6893. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216893
Kacprzak B, Rosińska K. Rehabilitation of Soccer Players’ Knee Injuries: Cartilage Reconstruction, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery, and Intensive Recovery—A Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(21):6893. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216893
Chicago/Turabian StyleKacprzak, Bartłomiej, and Karolina Rosińska. 2023. "Rehabilitation of Soccer Players’ Knee Injuries: Cartilage Reconstruction, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery, and Intensive Recovery—A Pilot Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 21: 6893. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216893