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Review

Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art

by
Mirko Aldè
1,2,*,
Sandro Binda
3,
Valeria Primache
3,
Laura Pellegrinelli
3,
Elena Pariani
3,
Fabrizio Pregliasco
3,
Federica Di Berardino
1,2,
Giovanna Cantarella
1,4 and
Umberto Ambrosetti
1
1
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
2
Audiology Unit, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
3
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
4
Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4465; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134465
Submission received: 5 June 2023 / Revised: 29 June 2023 / Accepted: 2 July 2023 / Published: 3 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Syndromic and Non-syndromic Hearing Loss: From Diagnosis to Treatment)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In developed countries, congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital viral infection, representing the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss (HL). Diagnosis of cCMV infection can be performed by detection of CMV DNA in urine or saliva within 2–3 weeks after birth, or later in dried blood samples on the Guthrie card. Currently, there are many controversies regarding the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to cCMV infection. HL secondary to cCMV is highly variable in onset, side, degree, audiometric configuration, and threshold changes over time. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to perform a long and thorough audiological follow-up in children with cCMV infection to ensure early identification and prompt treatment of progressive and/or late-onset HL. Early cochlear implantation appears to be a valid solution not only for children with bilateral profound HL, but also for those with single-sided deafness, improving localization ability and understanding speech in noisy environments. Moreover, the decision to apply a unilateral cochlear implant in children with cCMV is strengthened by the non-negligible possibility of hearing deterioration of the contralateral ear over time.
Keywords: congenital cytomegalovirus; hearing loss; single-sided deafness; cochlear implantation; vaccine congenital cytomegalovirus; hearing loss; single-sided deafness; cochlear implantation; vaccine

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Aldè, M.; Binda, S.; Primache, V.; Pellegrinelli, L.; Pariani, E.; Pregliasco, F.; Di Berardino, F.; Cantarella, G.; Ambrosetti, U. Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134465

AMA Style

Aldè M, Binda S, Primache V, Pellegrinelli L, Pariani E, Pregliasco F, Di Berardino F, Cantarella G, Ambrosetti U. Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(13):4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134465

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aldè, Mirko, Sandro Binda, Valeria Primache, Laura Pellegrinelli, Elena Pariani, Fabrizio Pregliasco, Federica Di Berardino, Giovanna Cantarella, and Umberto Ambrosetti. 2023. "Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 13: 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134465

APA Style

Aldè, M., Binda, S., Primache, V., Pellegrinelli, L., Pariani, E., Pregliasco, F., Di Berardino, F., Cantarella, G., & Ambrosetti, U. (2023). Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(13), 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134465

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