Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results

Turati, Marco; Franchi, Silvia; Crippa, Marco; Rizzi, Laura; Rigamonti, Luca; Sacerdote, Paola; Gatti, Simone Daniel; Piatti, Massimiliano; Galimberti, Giulia; Munegato, Daniele; Amodeo, Giada; Omeljaniuk, Robert J.; Zatti, Giovanni; Torsello, Antonio; Bigoni, Marco

doi:10.3390/jcm12134330

Open AccessArticle

Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results

by

Marco Turati

^1,2,3,4,†

,

Silvia Franchi

^5,†,

Marco Crippa

^1,2,3,*,

Laura Rizzi

²

,

Luca Rigamonti

^3,6

,

Paola Sacerdote

⁵

,

Simone Daniel Gatti

²,

Massimiliano Piatti

^3,6

,

Giulia Galimberti

⁵

,

Daniele Munegato

^1,2,

Giada Amodeo

⁵

,

Robert J. Omeljaniuk

⁷,

Giovanni Zatti

^1,2,

Antonio Torsello

²

and

Marco Bigoni

^2,3,6

¹

Orthopedic Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy

²

School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy

³

Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy

⁴

Department of Paediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Couple Enfants, Grenoble Alpes University, 38400 Grenoble, France

⁵

Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy

⁶

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Policlinico San Pietro, 24036 Ponte San Pietro, Italy

⁷

Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4330; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134330

Submission received: 28 May 2023 / Revised: 15 June 2023 / Accepted: 24 June 2023 / Published: 28 June 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Our Modern Understanding of Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology: From a Clinical Perspective)

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Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative inflammatory-based condition caused by a cascade of different intra-articular molecules including several cytokines. Among the cytokines, prokineticins (PKs) have recently been identified as important mediators of inflammation and pain. This observational study examined the potential involvement of PK2 in degenerative or traumatic knee disease. Fifteen patients presenting knee osteoarthritis (OA group) and 15 patients presenting a traumatic meniscal tear (TM group) were studied. Synovial fluid samples from affected knees were assessed for PK2, IL-10, and TNF-α using the ELISA method. At a long-term follow-up (minimum 5 years, mean = 6.1 years), patients in the TM group underwent clinical re-evaluation with PROMs (Tegner Activity Scale, IKDC, Lysholm, SKV); in addition, X-ray visualization was used to assess the presence of secondary OA. PK2 was detected in synovial fluids of both TM and OA patients and the levels were comparable between the two groups, while IL-10 levels were significantly greater in the OA group than those in TM patients. PK2 levels correlated with those of IL-10. PK2 levels were greater in blood effusions compared to clear samples, did not differ significantly between sexes, nor were they related to differences in weight, height, or injury (meniscal laterality, time since dosing). No correlation was found between PROMs and radiological classifications in patients in the TM group at final follow-up. These data are the first observations of PK2 in synovial fluid following traumatic meniscus injury. These findings suggest possible further prognostic indices and therapeutic targets to limit the development of secondary OA.

Keywords: meniscus; osteoarthritis; cytokines; knee; prokineticins; synovial

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MDPI and ACS Style

Turati, M.; Franchi, S.; Crippa, M.; Rizzi, L.; Rigamonti, L.; Sacerdote, P.; Gatti, S.D.; Piatti, M.; Galimberti, G.; Munegato, D.; et al. Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134330

AMA Style

Turati M, Franchi S, Crippa M, Rizzi L, Rigamonti L, Sacerdote P, Gatti SD, Piatti M, Galimberti G, Munegato D, et al. Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(13):4330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134330

Chicago/Turabian Style

Turati, Marco, Silvia Franchi, Marco Crippa, Laura Rizzi, Luca Rigamonti, Paola Sacerdote, Simone Daniel Gatti, Massimiliano Piatti, Giulia Galimberti, Daniele Munegato, and et al. 2023. "Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 13: 4330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134330

APA Style

Turati, M., Franchi, S., Crippa, M., Rizzi, L., Rigamonti, L., Sacerdote, P., Gatti, S. D., Piatti, M., Galimberti, G., Munegato, D., Amodeo, G., Omeljaniuk, R. J., Zatti, G., Torsello, A., & Bigoni, M. (2023). Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(13), 4330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134330

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Prokineticin 2 and Cytokine Content in the Synovial Fluid of Knee Osteoarthritis and Traumatic Meniscal Tear Patients: Preliminary Results

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