The Acute Effects of an Ultramarathon on Atrial Function and Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Master Athletes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. Electrocardiography
2.3. ECG Monitoring
2.4. Echocardiography
Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography (STE)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. ECG Monitoring before and during the Race
3.2. Echocardiography
3.3. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Atrial Volumes
4.2. Atrial Function
4.3. Electrical Function
4.4. Implications for AF Pathophysiology in the Athlete
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | |
---|---|
Age, years | 47.9 ± 7.8 |
Males, n (%) | 47 (69) |
Hours of Training per Week | 6.7 ± 4.4 |
Years of Training | 11.9 ± 8.2 |
Duration of Marathon Race, Hours | 5.3 ± 7.6 |
Family History for CAD, n (%) | 10 (15) |
Family History for SCD, n (%) | 0 (0) |
Height, cm | 173 ± 8 |
Weight, kg | 71 ± 11 |
BSA, m2 | 1.8 ± 0.17 |
Variables | Pre-Race | Post-Race | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Resting heart rate, bpm | 61 ± 8 | 85 ± 14 | <0.0001 |
PR interval, ms | 157 ± 24 | 156 ± 20 | 0.49 |
P wave voltage, mV | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.0.6 | <0.0001 |
P wave duration, ms | 98 ± 17 | 103 ± 16 | 0.094 |
RA enlargement, n (%) | 5 (7.4) | 15 (22) | <0.0001 |
LA enlargement, n (%) | 22 (32.4) | 23 (33.8) | 0.66 |
Variables | |
---|---|
Min HR, bpm | 41 (38–45) |
Max HR, bpm | 172 (161–182) |
Max Theoretical HR, % | 98 (91–105) |
Number of PABs/24 h, n ^ | 7 (3–19) |
≥1 PAB(s)/24 h, n (%) | 57 (97%) |
≥100 PABs/24 h, n (%) | 5 (8%) |
≥1 PAB(s) during the Race, n (%) | 13 (22%) |
Exercise-Induced PABs *, n (%) | 1 (2%) |
≥1 Couplet(s), n (%) | 12 (21%) |
≥1 Couplet(s) during the Race, n (%) | 2 (4%) |
≥1 Triplet(s), n (%) | 10 (17%) |
≥1 Triplet(s) during the Race, n (%) | 1 (2%) |
≥1 Non-Sustained SVT(s), n (%) | 11 (19%) |
≥1 Non-Sustained SVT(s) during the Race, n (%) | 0 |
Echocardiographic Variables | Pre-Race | Post-Race | p Values |
---|---|---|---|
Left atrium | |||
LA volume, mL | 54.3 ± 11.5 | 52.2 ± 12.1 | 0.15 |
LA volume index, mL/m2 | 30.0 ± 5.5 | 28.6 ± 6.2 | 0.16 |
LA PALS, % | 40.6 ± 6.1 | 41.1 ± 7.1 | 0.46 |
LA PACS, % | 18.3 ± 4.4 | 20.7 ± 5.5 | 0.001 |
Right atrium | |||
RA volume, mL | 43.6 ± 11.3 | 42.1 ± 12.3 | 0.25 |
RA volume index, mL/m2 | 23.8 ± 6.0 | 23.1 ± 6.9 | 0.31 |
RA PALS, % | 43.4 ± 7.8 | 41.7 ± 7.8 | 0.057 |
RA PACS, % | 19.0 ± 5.0 | 20.9 ± 7.5 | 0.076 |
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Cavigli, L.; Zorzi, A.; Spadotto, V.; Mandoli, G.E.; Melani, A.; Fusi, C.; D’Andrea, A.; Focardi, M.; Valente, S.; Cameli, M.; et al. The Acute Effects of an Ultramarathon on Atrial Function and Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Master Athletes. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030528
Cavigli L, Zorzi A, Spadotto V, Mandoli GE, Melani A, Fusi C, D’Andrea A, Focardi M, Valente S, Cameli M, et al. The Acute Effects of an Ultramarathon on Atrial Function and Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Master Athletes. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(3):528. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030528
Chicago/Turabian StyleCavigli, Luna, Alessandro Zorzi, Veronica Spadotto, Giulia Elena Mandoli, Andrea Melani, Chiara Fusi, Antonello D’Andrea, Marta Focardi, Serafina Valente, Matteo Cameli, and et al. 2022. "The Acute Effects of an Ultramarathon on Atrial Function and Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Master Athletes" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3: 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030528
APA StyleCavigli, L., Zorzi, A., Spadotto, V., Mandoli, G. E., Melani, A., Fusi, C., D’Andrea, A., Focardi, M., Valente, S., Cameli, M., Bonifazi, M., & D’Ascenzi, F. (2022). The Acute Effects of an Ultramarathon on Atrial Function and Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Master Athletes. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(3), 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030528