Underlying Causes of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Optical Coherence Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Coronary Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography
2.2. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. OCT and CMR Findings
3.3. Treatment at Discharge
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n = 10 | |
---|---|
Age (years [Q1–Q3]) | 53 (49–55) |
Female, n (%) | 5 (50) |
NSTEMI, n (%) | 7 (70) |
Typical angina (%) | 6 (60) |
SBP (mmHg [Q1–Q3]) | 130 (110–150) |
DBP (mmHg [Q1–Q3]) | 80 (75–100) |
HR (1/min [Q1–Q3]) | 75 (70–90) |
LVEF (% [Q1–Q3]) | 55 (40–60) |
RWMA, n (%) | 4 (40) |
Severe valvular disease, n (%) | 0 |
Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 1 (10) |
NYHA I, n (%) | 6 (60) |
NYHA II, n (%) | 4 (40) |
NYHA III, n (%) | 0 |
NYHA IV, n (%) | 0 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 8 (80) |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 2 (20) |
Smoking, n (%) | 7 (70) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 1 (10) |
Obesity, n (%) | 1 (10) |
Previous CAD, n (%) | 0 |
Previous stroke, n (%) | 0 |
Previous kidney disease, n (%) | 0 |
Previous lung disease, n (%) | 0 |
Family history, n (%) | 3 (30) |
Sinus rhythm in ECG, n (%) | 10 (100) |
Elevated C reactive protein > 5 mg/L, n (%) | 3 (30) |
Troponin at admission (ng/mL) | 0.24 ± 0.18 |
Troponin maximal level (ng/mL) | 0.35 ± 0.22 |
Creatinine at admission (mg/dL) | 0.78 ± 0.20 |
Glucose at admission (mg/dL) | 118.70 ± 40.84 |
Total cholesterol at admission (mg/dL) | 172.10 ± 30 |
LDL at admission (mg/dL) | 97.60 ± 30.03 |
Triglycerides at admission (mg/dL) | 118.90 ± 30.87 |
OCT | |
---|---|
Plaque rupture, n (%) | 2 (20) |
Plaque erosion, n (%) | 2 (20) |
Eruptive calcific nodule, n (%) | 0 (0) |
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection, n (%) | 2 (20) |
Presence of thrombus, n (%) | 3 (30) |
Negative OCT, n (%) | 3 (30) |
CMR | |
T2 hyperintensity | |
Present, n (%) | 9 (90) |
Absent, n (%) | 1 (10) |
Myocardial hemorrhage, n (%) | 0 (0) |
MVO, n (%) | 1 (10) |
Abnormal delayed enhancement | |
Subendocardial, n (%) | 5 (50) |
Transmural, n (%) | 7 (70) |
Subendocardial + transmural, n (%) | 4 (40) |
LV dimensions and function | |
LVEDV (mL/m2) | 125 ± 25 |
LVESV (mL/m2) | 50 ± 16 |
LVEF (%) | 60 ± 8 |
Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 2 (20) |
Definite diagnosis | |
MI, n (%) | 7 (70) |
Myocarditis, n (%) | 2 (20) |
Negative CMR, n (%) | 1 (10) |
Aspirin, n (%) | 10 (100) |
P2Y12 inhibitors, n (%) | 8 (80) |
ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 8 (80) |
Beta-blockers, n (%) | 10 (100) |
MRA, n (%) | 2 (20) |
Statins, n (%) | 10 (100) |
Nitrates, n (%) | 1 (10) |
LMWH, n (%) | 1 (10) |
Oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 0 (0) |
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Fluder-Wlodarczyk, J.; Milewski, M.; Roleder-Dylewska, M.; Haberka, M.; Ochala, A.; Wojakowski, W.; Gasior, P. Underlying Causes of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Optical Coherence Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pilot Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 7495. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247495
Fluder-Wlodarczyk J, Milewski M, Roleder-Dylewska M, Haberka M, Ochala A, Wojakowski W, Gasior P. Underlying Causes of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Optical Coherence Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(24):7495. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247495
Chicago/Turabian StyleFluder-Wlodarczyk, Joanna, Marek Milewski, Magda Roleder-Dylewska, Maciej Haberka, Andrzej Ochala, Wojciech Wojakowski, and Pawel Gasior. 2022. "Underlying Causes of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Optical Coherence Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pilot Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 24: 7495. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247495