The Screening of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among HIV-Infected Inpatients and Evaluation of Correlated Characteristics in a General Hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Definitions
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Prevalence of Screening for HBsAg and Anti-HCV among Inpatients with HIV Infection
3.2. Distribution of HBV Serological Markers among Cases with Complete Serological Results
3.3. Clinical Characteristics at Baseline among HIV/HBV-Coinfected Patients
3.4. Clinical Characteristics at Baseline among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
HBsAg | hepatitis B surface antigen |
anti-HCV | hepatitis C virus antibody |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
HCV | hepatitis C virus |
IVDUs | intravenous drug user |
MSM | men who have sex with men |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
ART | antiretroviral therapy |
HBeAg | hepatitis B e-antigen |
RAHC | recently acquired HCV infection |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
BMI | body mass index |
WHO | World Health Organization |
HB | hemoglobin |
PLT | platelet |
ALT | glutamic alanine transaminase |
AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
GGT, | gamma-glutamyltransferase |
TBIL | total bilirubin |
ALB | albumin |
Scr | serum creatinine |
PT | prothrombin time |
HBsAb | hepatitis B surface antibody |
HBeAb | hepatitis B e antibody |
HBcAb | hepatitis B core antibody |
CLIA | chemiluminescence immunoassay |
OR | odds ratios |
AOR | adjusted odds ratios |
CI | confidence intervals |
OBI | occult hepatitis B |
OCI | occult hepatitis C |
TDF | tenofovir disoproxil fumarate |
TAF | tenofovir alafenamide |
DAAs | direct-acting antiviral therapies |
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Modes | Group | n | HBsAg+ HBeAg+ HBcAb+ [n (%)] | HBsAg+ HBeAg− HBcAb+ [n (%)] | HBsAg− HBSAb− HBcAb+ [n (%)] | HBsAg− HBSAb+ HBcAb+ [n (%)] | HBsAg− HBSAb+ HBcAb− [n (%)] | HBsAg− HBSAb− HBcAb− [n (%)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | <30 | 106 | 6(1.2) | 4(0.8) | 8(1.6) | 3(0.6) | 43(8.8) | 42(8.6) |
30–50 | 233 | 8(1.6) | 11(2.3) | 51(10.5) | 51(10.5) | 62(12.7) | 50(10.3) | |
>50 | 148 | 9(1.9) | 9(1.9) | 33(6.8) | 47(9.7) | 24(4.9) | 26(5.3) | |
Sex | male | 443 | 22(4.5) | 18(3.7) | 88(18.1) | 88(18.1) | 124(25.5) | 103(21.2) |
female | 44 | 1(0.2) | 6(1.2) | 4(0.8) | 13(2.7) | 5(1.0) | 15(3.1) | |
total | 487 | 23(4.7) | 24(4.9) | 92(18.9) | 101(20.7) | 129(26.5) | 118(24.2) |
Characteristics | HBSAg+ (n, %) | HBsAg− (n, %) | P1 | HCV-RNA+ (n, %) | HCVAb− (n, %) | P2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 89(100.0) | 731(100.0) | 18(100.0) | 710(100.0) | ||
Age < 30 30–50 >50 | 20(22.5) | 152(20.8) | 0(0.0) | 158(22.3) | ||
52(58.4) | 363(49.7) | 10(55.6) | 363(51.1) | |||
17(19.1) | 216(29.5) | 0.113 | 8(44.4) | 190(26.8) | 0.047 * | |
College education | 27(30.3) | 213(29.1) | 0.814 | 4(22.2) | 216(30.4) | 0.606 |
Sex (male) | 82(92.1) | 662(90.6) | 0.161 | 16(88.9) | 650(91.5) | 0.690 |
Local residents | 45(50.6) | 341(46.7) | 0.485 | 11(61.1) | 332(46.8) | 0.228 |
WHO clinical stage III–IV | 60(67.4) | 492(67.3) | 0.983 | 9(50) | 493(69.4) | 0.078 |
Alcohol consumption history | 9(10.1) | 45(6.2) | 0.161 | 1(5.6) | 48(6.8) | 0.587 |
Fatty liver | 7(7.9) | 55(7.5) | 0.921 | 1(5.6) | 56(7.9) | 0.989 |
Underlying medical conditions | 21(23.6) | 185(25.3) | 0.703 | 2(11.1) | 176(24.8) | 0.743 |
ART prior to admission | 32(36.0) | 224(30.6) | 0.311 | 7(38.9) | 232(32.7) | 0.582 |
HB < 9 g/dL | 12(13.5) | 68(9.3) | 0.209 | 2(11.1) | 73(10.3) | 0.909 |
Thrombocytopenia | 16(18.0) | 45(6.2) | 0.001 * | 3(16.7) | 53(7.5) | 0.148 |
ALT > 50 U/L | 31(34.8) | 180(24.6) | 0.038 * | 9(50) | 180(25.4) | 0.018 * |
AST > 40 U/L | 43(48.3) | 208(28.5) | 0.001 * | 10(55.5) | 215(30.3) | 0.022 * |
ALP > 100 U/L | 38(42.7) | 196(26.8) | 0.002 * | 10(55.5) | 204(28.7) | 0.014 * |
GGT > 60 U/L | 49(55.1) | 362(49.5) | 0.324 | 12(66.7) | 356(50.1) | 0.166 |
TBIL > 17.1 µmol/L | 1(1.1) | 17(2.3) | 0.728 | 0(0.0) | 18(2.5) | 1.000 |
Serum ALB < 30 g/L | 46(51.7) | 266(36.4) | 0.036 * | 3(16.7) | 278(39.2) | 0.053 |
PT > 13.7 S | 51(57.3) | 298(40.8) | 0.003 * | 7(38.9) | 303(42.7) | 0.748 |
Serum Na < 135 µmol/L | 29(32.6) | 222(30.4) | 0.669 | 6(33.3) | 225(31.7) | 0.882 |
Scr > 104 μmol/L | 4(4.5) | 13(1.8) | 0.090 | 1(5.6) | 17(2.4) | 0.394 |
CD4 < 200 /µL | 74(83.1) | 557(76.2) | 0.219 | 8(44.4) | 556(78.3) | 0.001 * |
BMI < 18 | 9(10.1) | 118(16.1) | 0.106 | 2(11.1) | 110(15.5) | 0.751 |
Death | 4(4.5) | 36(4.9) | 0.859 | 1(5.6) | 33(4.6) | 0.857 |
HIV/HBV-Coinfected | HIV/HCV-Coinfected | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factors | OR(95%CI) | P1 Value | Adjust OR(95%CI) | P2 Value | OR(95%CI) | P3 Value | Adjust OR(95%CI) | P4 Value |
ALT > 50 U/L | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 1.636(1.198–3.029) | 0.039 | 2.944(1.151–7.532) | 0.024 | ||||
AST > 40 U/L | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||||
Yes | 2.350(1.505–3.670) | 0.043 | 1.959(1.235–3.109) | 0.004 | 2.878(1.120–7.392) | 0.028 | 3.380(1.292–8.841) | 0.013 |
ALP > 100 U/L | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 2.034(1.296–3.192) | 0.002 | 3.100(1.207–7.967) | 0.019 | ||||
Thrombocytopenia | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
Yes | 3.341(1.798–6.208) | 0.001 | 3.061(1.621–5.780) | 0.001 | ||||
ALB < 30 g/L | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||||
Yes | 1.870(1.202–2.910) | 0.006 | 1.698(1.074–2.685) | 0.024 | 0.311(0.089–1.083) | 0.067 | ||
PT > 13.7 S | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | |||||||
Yes | 1.950(1.249–3.044) | 0.003 | ||||||
Scr > 104 μmol/L | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | |||||||
Yes | 1.383(0.388–4.933) | 0.090 | ||||||
WHO clinical stage III–IV | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | |||||||
Yes | 0.440(0.172–1.124) | 0.078 | ||||||
CD4 < 200/µL | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | |||||||
Yes | 0.222(0.086–0.571) | 0.002 | 0.195(0.075–0.510) | 0.001 |
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Li, C.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, S.; Wang, W.; Lu, X.; Sun, C.; Liu, P.; Wen, Y. The Screening of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among HIV-Infected Inpatients and Evaluation of Correlated Characteristics in a General Hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226620
Li C, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang W, Lu X, Sun C, Liu P, Wen Y. The Screening of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among HIV-Infected Inpatients and Evaluation of Correlated Characteristics in a General Hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(22):6620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226620
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chengbo, Ying Zhou, Yu Wang, Sheng Liu, Wen Wang, Xu Lu, Cuiming Sun, Pei Liu, and Ying Wen. 2022. "The Screening of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among HIV-Infected Inpatients and Evaluation of Correlated Characteristics in a General Hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning, China" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22: 6620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226620