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Article

Dynamic of Serum TWEAK Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Male Patients

by
Marijana Mikacic
1,
Marko Kumric
2,
Martina Baricevic
1,
Daria Tokic
3,
Sanda Stojanovic Stipic
3,
Ivan Cvitkovic
2,
Daniela Supe Domic
4,5,
Tina Ticinovic Kurir
2,6 and
Josko Bozic
2,*
1
Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
2
Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
3
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
4
Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
5
Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
6
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(13), 3699; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133699
Submission received: 13 June 2022 / Revised: 23 June 2022 / Accepted: 25 June 2022 / Published: 27 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 in the ICU: One Year Later: Recent Advances in Critical Care)
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Abstract

Although the number of cases and mortality of COVID-19 are seemingly declining, clinicians endeavor to establish indicators and predictors of such responses in order to optimize treatment regimens for future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 or similar viruses. Considering the importance of aberrant immune response in severe COVID-19, in the present study, we aimed to explore the dynamic of serum TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) levels in critically-ill COVID-19 patients and establish whether these levels may predict in-hospital mortality and if TWEAK is associated with impairment of testosterone levels observed in this population. The present single-center cohort study involved 66 men between the ages of 18 and 65 who were suffering from a severe type of COVID-19. Serum TWEAK was rising during the first week after admission to intensive care unit (ICU), whereas decline to baseline values was observed in the second week post-ICU admission (p = 0.032) but not in patients who died in hospital. Receiver-operator characteristics analysis demonstrated that serum TWEAK at admission to ICU is a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality (AUC = 0.689, p = 0.019). Finally, a negative correlation was found between serum TWEAK at admission and testosterone levels (r = −0.310, p = 0.036). In summary, serum TWEAK predicts in-hospital mortality in severe COVID-19. In addition, inflammatory pathways including TWEAK seem to be implicated in pathophysiology of reproductive hormone axis disturbance in severe form of COVID-19.
Keywords: TWEAK; biomarker; COVID-19; inflammation; acute respiratory distress syndrome; testosterone TWEAK; biomarker; COVID-19; inflammation; acute respiratory distress syndrome; testosterone

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mikacic, M.; Kumric, M.; Baricevic, M.; Tokic, D.; Stojanovic Stipic, S.; Cvitkovic, I.; Supe Domic, D.; Ticinovic Kurir, T.; Bozic, J. Dynamic of Serum TWEAK Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Male Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3699. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133699

AMA Style

Mikacic M, Kumric M, Baricevic M, Tokic D, Stojanovic Stipic S, Cvitkovic I, Supe Domic D, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J. Dynamic of Serum TWEAK Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Male Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(13):3699. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133699

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikacic, Marijana, Marko Kumric, Martina Baricevic, Daria Tokic, Sanda Stojanovic Stipic, Ivan Cvitkovic, Daniela Supe Domic, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, and Josko Bozic. 2022. "Dynamic of Serum TWEAK Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Male Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13: 3699. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133699

APA Style

Mikacic, M., Kumric, M., Baricevic, M., Tokic, D., Stojanovic Stipic, S., Cvitkovic, I., Supe Domic, D., Ticinovic Kurir, T., & Bozic, J. (2022). Dynamic of Serum TWEAK Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Male Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(13), 3699. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133699

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