Expression of PON1, PON2, PON3 and MPO Genes in Patients with Depressive Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Characteristics of Study Participants
2.2. Molecular Analysis
2.2.1. mRNA Gene Expression Assessment
2.2.2. Protein Expression Assessment
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. mRNA Expression
3.2. Protein Expression
3.3. Correlation with Clinical Variables
3.4. Correlation with Age
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Analyzed Trait | Study Group | Statistical Parameters * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | Me | SD | Min.–Max. | ||
Age (years) † | Test group | 47.51 | 51 | 11.18 | 18–67 |
Control group | 29.36 | 26 | 8.71 | 20–53 | |
Overall | 41.29 | 44 | 13.50 | 18–67 | |
Number of hospitalizations | Test group | 2.01 | 1 | 2.00 | 0–12 |
Disease duration (years) | Test group | 6.18 | 4 | 7.05 | 1–40 |
Number of episodes | Test group | 4.56 | 2 | 5.33 | 1–20 |
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) | Test group | 22.82 | 23 | 6.86 | 1–51 |
Gene | Study Group | Statistical Parameter | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | Trim. M | Me | Q1–Q3(IQR) | SD | SE | 95% CI | Min.–Max. | ||
PON1 mRNA | Test group | 0.572 | 0.564 | 0.483 | 0.446–0.732 (0.286) | 0.170 | 0.012 | 0.548–0.597 | 0.363–1.002 |
Control group | 0.558 | 0.556 | 0.536 | 0.479–0.657 (0.178) | 0.114 | 0.011 | 0.535–0.580 | 0.327–0.834 | |
Overall | 0.567 | 0.559 | 0.511 | 0.451–0.672 (0.221) | 0.153 | 0.009 | 0.550–0.585 | 0.327–1.002 | |
PON2 mRNA | Test group | 1.551 | 1.542 | 1.559 | 1.330–1.757 (0.427) | 0.324 | 0.023 | 1.504–1.596 | 0.849–2.446 |
Control group | 0.986 | 0.986 | 0.988 | 0.910–1.095 (0.185) | 0.126 | 0.013 | 0.961–1.011 | 0.694–1.290 | |
Overall | 1.356 | 1.338 | 1.327 | 1.002–1.616 (0.614) | 0.382 | 0.022 | 1.312–1.400 | 0.694–2.446 | |
PON3 mRNA | Test group | 0.692 | 0.680 | 0.617 | 0.566–0.830 (0.264) | 0.181 | 0.013 | 0.666–0.718 | 0.323–1.226 |
Control group | 0.635 | 0.632 | 0.617 | 0.517–0.762 (0.245) | 0.156 | 0.016 | 0.604–0.666 | 0.349–0.977 | |
Overall | 0.672 | 0.664 | 0.617 | 0.554–0.802 (0.248) | 0.174 | 0.010 | 0.652–0.692 | 0.323–1.226 | |
MPO mRNA | Test group | 0.305 | 0.307 | 0.338 | 0.231–0.367 (0.136) | 0.088 | 0.006 | 0.292–0.317 | 0.108–0.513 |
Control group | 0.351 | 0.353 | 0.365 | 0.282–0.441 (0.159) | 0.094 | 0.009 | 0.333–0.370 | 0.162–0.507 | |
Overall | 0.321 | 0.322 | 0.339 | 0.258–0.378 (0.120) | 0.093 | 0.005 | 0.310–0.332 | 0.108–0.513 |
Gene | Study Group | Statistical Parameter | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | Me | Q1–Q3(IQR) | SD | SE | 95% CI | Min.–Max. | ||
PON1 [ng/mL] | Test group | 2.208 | 1.186 | 1.687–2.830 (1.143) | 0.700 | 0.050 | 2.108–2.308 | 1.350–4.010 |
Control group | 2.138 | 2.088 | 1.846–2.533 (0.687) | 0.454 | 0.045 | 2.048–2.228 | 1.204–3.242 | |
Overall | 2.184 | 1.933 | 1.700–2.601 (0.901) | 0.626 | 0.037 | 2.112–2.256 | 1.204–4.010 | |
PON2 [ng/mL] | Test group | 5.809 | 5.825 | 4.935–6.623 (1.688) | 1.194 | 0.087 | 5.639–5.980 | 3.380–9.010 |
Control group | 3.803 | 3.980 | 3.599–4.076 (0.477) | 0.454 | 0.045 | 3.713–3.893 | 1.593–4.797 | |
Overall | 5.117 | 4.915 | 4.007–6.063 (2.056) | 1.384 | 0.081 | 4.957–5.277 | 1.593–9.010 | |
PON3 [ng/mL] | Test group | 2.674 | 2.643 | 2.177–3.248 (1.071) | 0.709 | 0.051 | 2.572–2.775 | 1.180–4.530 |
Control group | 2.461 | 2.358 | 1.979–2.915 (0.936) | 0.643 | 0.064 | 2.334–2.589 | 1.294–3.906 | |
Overall | 2.600 | 2.355 | 2.127–3.109 (0.982) | 0.693 | 0.041 | 2.520–2.680 | 1.180–4.530 | |
MPO [ng/mL] | Test group | 1.116 | 1.126 | 0.807–1.352 (0.545) | 0.349 | 0.025 | 1.067–1.166 | 0.314–1.943 |
Control group | 1.316 | 1.370 | 1.022–1.664 (0.642) | 0.379 | 0.038 | 1.241–1.391 | 0.562–1.919 | |
Overall | 1.185 | 1.284 | 0.932–1.405 (0.473) | 0.371 | 0.022 | 1.142–1.226 | 0.314–1.943 |
Number of Hospitalizations | Disease Duration (Years) | Number of Episodes | HDRS | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spearman’s rho | PON1 [ng/mL] | Correlation Coefficient | −0.026 | −0.022 | −0.097 | −0.057 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.7244 | 0.7633 | 0.1900 | 0.4385 | ||
N | 186 | 186 | 186 | 184 | ||
PON1 mRNA | Correlation Coefficient | 0.000 | −0.003 | −0.076 | −0.037 | |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.9999 | 0.9683 | 0.2997 | 0.6212 | ||
N | 186 | 186 | 186 | 184 | ||
PON2 [ng/mL] | Correlation Coefficient | 0.210 * | 0.062 | 0.111 | −0.003 | |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.0040 | 0.4003 | 0.1311 | 0.9650 | ||
N | 186 | 186 | 186 | 184 | ||
PON2 mRNA | Correlation Coefficient | 0.202 * | 0.056 | 0.103 | 0.000 | |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.0057 | 0.4460 | 0.1623 | 0.9983 | ||
N | 186 | 186 | 186 | 184 | ||
PON3 [ng/mL] | Correlation Coefficient | −0.033 | −0.047 | −0.110 | −0.054 | |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.6530 | 0.5215 | 0.1334 | 0.4707 | ||
N | 186 | 186 | 186 | 184 | ||
PON3 mRNA | Correlation Coefficient | −0.029 | −0.044 | −0.112 | −0.073 | |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.6926 | 0.5538 | 0.1277 | 0.3248 | ||
N | 186 | 186 | 186 | 184 | ||
MPO [ng/mL] | Correlation Coefficient | 0.039 | 0.058 | 0.075 | 0.057 | |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.5954 | 0.4291 | 0.3113 | 0.4404 | ||
N | 186 | 186 | 186 | 184 | ||
MPO mRNA | Correlation Coefficient | 0.047 | 0.066 | 0.076 | 0.055 |
PON1 [ng/mL] | PON1 mRNA | PON2 [ng/mL] | PON2 mRNA | PON3 [ng/mL] | PON3 mRNA | MPO [ng/mL] | MPO mRNA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test group | Correlation Coefficient | −0.013 | 0.001 | 0.014 | 0.015 | −0.035 | −0.036 | 0.014 | 0.034 |
Sig (2-tailed) | 0.8634 | 0.9887 | 0.8462 | 0.8352 | 0.6350 | 0.6232 | 0.8531 | 0.6431 | |
N | 190 | 190 | 190 | 190 | 190 | 190 | 190 | 190 | |
Control group | Correlation Coefficient | 0.002 | 0.002 | −0.044 | −0.050 | 0.143 | 0.152 | −0.009 | −0.023 |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.9814 | 0.9806 | 0.6659 | 0.6214 | 0.1576 | 0.1327 | 0.9305 | 0.8192 | |
N | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | |
Overall | Correlation Coefficient | −0.060 | −0.0566 | 0.462 * | 0.463 * | 0.074 | 0.079 | −0.133 * | −0.125 * |
Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.3059 | 0.3455 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.2119 | 0.1798 | 0.0235 | 0.0340 | |
N | 289 | 289 | 289 | 289 | 289 | 289 | 289 | 289 |
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Bliźniewska-Kowalska, K.; Gałecki, P.; Su, K.-P.; Halaris, A.; Szemraj, J.; Gałecka, M. Expression of PON1, PON2, PON3 and MPO Genes in Patients with Depressive Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123321
Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Gałecki P, Su K-P, Halaris A, Szemraj J, Gałecka M. Expression of PON1, PON2, PON3 and MPO Genes in Patients with Depressive Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(12):3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123321
Chicago/Turabian StyleBliźniewska-Kowalska, Katarzyna, Piotr Gałecki, Kuan-Pin Su, Angelos Halaris, Janusz Szemraj, and Małgorzata Gałecka. 2022. "Expression of PON1, PON2, PON3 and MPO Genes in Patients with Depressive Disorders" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 12: 3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123321
APA StyleBliźniewska-Kowalska, K., Gałecki, P., Su, K.-P., Halaris, A., Szemraj, J., & Gałecka, M. (2022). Expression of PON1, PON2, PON3 and MPO Genes in Patients with Depressive Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(12), 3321. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123321