Polysomnographic Evaluation of Sleep Bruxism Intensity and Sleep Architecture in Nonapneic Hypertensives: A Prospective, Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Standard Protocol Approvals, Registrations, and Patient Consents
2.2. Study Design and Subjects
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Nonapneic hypertensives had higher SB intensity, altered sleep architecture, increased snoring, and decreased mean oxygen saturation compared to normotensives.
- The association between oxygen desaturations and bruxism episodes exists only in hypertensives, but not in normotensives.
- Dental screening is necessary for patients with arterial hypertension, especially those presenting with the symptoms of SB.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hypertensives (n = 31) | Normotensives (n = 60) | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
Female | 17 | 46 | 63 |
Male | 14 | 14 | 28 |
Age ± SD | 48.06 ± 14.76 | 34.88 ± 11.24 | 39.37 ± 13.96 |
Parameter | Mean | Parameter | Mean |
---|---|---|---|
BEI (/h) | 2.86 ± 2.13 | SL (min) | 21.93 ± 22.93 |
Phasic BEI (/h) | 1.62 ± 3.77 | AHI (/h) | 2.95 ± 2.48 |
Tonic BEI (/h) | 1.08 ± 1.20 | ODI (/h) | 3.42 ± 2.96 |
Mixed BEI (/h) | 0.66 ± 0.99 | Mean SpO2 (%) | 94.22 ± 1.66 |
WASO (min) | 38.71 ± 38.25 | Mean heart rate (/min) | 62.87 ± 11.55 |
N1 (%) | 3.65 ± 4.57 | Snore supine (% TST) | 12.90 ± 19.97 |
N2 (%) | 49.18 ± 9.43 | Snore nonsupine (% TST) | 7.46 ± 14.88 |
N3 (%) | 23.96 ± 7.94 | REM Snore (% TST) | 5.22 ± 9.90 |
REM (%) | 23.18 ± 6.41 | NREM Snore (% TST) | 11.49 ± 16.67 |
Bruxism Episode Index (/h) | Hypertensives n = 31 | Normotensives n = 60 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 4.47 ± 2.55 | 2.04 ± 1.24 | <0.001 |
Phasic | 3.23 ± 6.09 | 0.79 ± 085 | <0.01 |
Tonic | 1.69 ± 1.75 | 0.77 ± 0.59 | <0.001 |
Mixed | 1.08 ± 1.52 | 0.45 ± 0.43 | <0.01 |
Hypertensives n = 31 | Normotensives n = 60 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
N1 (%TST) | 3.98 ± 3.50 | 3.48 ± 5.06 | >0.05 |
N2 (%TST) | 46.48 ± 10.69 | 50.57 ± 8.47 | <0.001 |
N3 (%TST) | 24.96 ± 9.11 | 23.44 ± 7.28 | >0.05 |
R (%TST) | 24.54 ± 6.91 | 22.48 ± 6.08 | >0.05 |
Arousals (/h) | 4.35 ± 3.29 | 2.79 ± 1.86 | <0.01 |
AHI (/h) | 4.77 ± 2.85 | 2.01 ± 1.62 | <0.001 |
ODI (/h) | 5.42 ± 3.32 | 2.39 ± 2.12 | <0.001 |
Mean SpO2 (%) | 93.25 ± 1.87 | 94.71 ± 1.31 | <0.001 |
Minimal SpO2 (%) | 84.26 ± 8.14 | 90.15 ± 3.96 | <0.001 |
SpO2 < 90% | 6.20 ± 12.38 | 0.78 ± 4.08 | <0.01 |
Average desaturation drop (%) | 3.51 ± 0.53 | 3.12 ± 1.08 | >0.05 |
HR (/min) | 61.82 ± 14.00 | 63.42 ± 10.14 | >0.05 |
HR maximum (/min) | 100.44 ± 34.65 | 81.75 ± 55.51 | >0.05 |
HR minimum (/min) | 50.60 ± 9.60 | 50.47 ± 7.94 | >0.05 |
Hypertensives n = 31 | Normotensives n = 60 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Supine snore | 24.04 ± 23.28 | 7.14 ± 15.29 | <0.001 |
Nonsupine snore | 15.48 ± 19.78 | 3.32 ± 9.35 | <0.001 |
REM snore | 10.61 ± 13.94 | 2.43 ± 5.24 | <0.001 |
NREM snore | 22.15 ± 19.62 | 5.99 ± 11.72 | <0.001 |
Total snore | 18.80 ± 17.67 | 5.25 ± 10.03 | <0.001 |
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Kanclerska, J.; Wieckiewicz, M.; Poreba, R.; Szymanska-Chabowska, A.; Gac, P.; Wojakowska, A.; Frosztega, W.; Michalek-Zrabkowska, M.; Mazur, G.; Martynowicz, H. Polysomnographic Evaluation of Sleep Bruxism Intensity and Sleep Architecture in Nonapneic Hypertensives: A Prospective, Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113113
Kanclerska J, Wieckiewicz M, Poreba R, Szymanska-Chabowska A, Gac P, Wojakowska A, Frosztega W, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Mazur G, Martynowicz H. Polysomnographic Evaluation of Sleep Bruxism Intensity and Sleep Architecture in Nonapneic Hypertensives: A Prospective, Observational Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113113
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanclerska, Justyna, Mieszko Wieckiewicz, Rafal Poreba, Anna Szymanska-Chabowska, Pawel Gac, Anna Wojakowska, Weronika Frosztega, Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska, Grzegorz Mazur, and Helena Martynowicz. 2022. "Polysomnographic Evaluation of Sleep Bruxism Intensity and Sleep Architecture in Nonapneic Hypertensives: A Prospective, Observational Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113113