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Review

Interplay between Heart Disease and Metabolic Steatosis: A Contemporary Perspective

by
Mohammad Said Ramadan
1,
Vincenzo Russo
2,3,
Gerardo Nigro
2,3,
Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
1,4,* and
Rosa Zampino
4,5
1
Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
2
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
3
Cardiology Unit, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
4
Infectious and Transplant Medicine Unit, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
5
Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(8), 1569; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081569
Submission received: 12 March 2021 / Revised: 26 March 2021 / Accepted: 3 April 2021 / Published: 8 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology & Metabolism)
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Abstract

The liver-heart axis is a growing field of interest owing to rising evidence of complex bidirectional interplay between the two organs. Recent data suggest non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a significant, independent association with a wide spectrum of structural and functional cardiac diseases, and seems to worsen cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis. Conversely, the effect of cardiac disease on NAFLD is not well studied and data are mostly limited to cardiogenic liver disease. We believe it is important to further investigate the heart-liver relationship because of the tremendous global health and economic burden the two diseases pose, and the impact of such investigations on clinical decision making and management guidelines for both diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on NAFLD diagnosis, its systemic manifestations, and associations with CVD. More specifically, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms that govern the interplay between NAFLD and CVD and evaluate the relationship between different CVD treatments and NAFLD progression.
Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; fatty liver; cardiovascular diseases; ischemic heart disease; atrial fibrillation; pathophysiology; metabolic syndrome; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis; cardiovascular diseases prognosis; cardiovascular medications non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; fatty liver; cardiovascular diseases; ischemic heart disease; atrial fibrillation; pathophysiology; metabolic syndrome; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis; cardiovascular diseases prognosis; cardiovascular medications

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ramadan, M.S.; Russo, V.; Nigro, G.; Durante-Mangoni, E.; Zampino, R. Interplay between Heart Disease and Metabolic Steatosis: A Contemporary Perspective. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081569

AMA Style

Ramadan MS, Russo V, Nigro G, Durante-Mangoni E, Zampino R. Interplay between Heart Disease and Metabolic Steatosis: A Contemporary Perspective. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(8):1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081569

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramadan, Mohammad Said, Vincenzo Russo, Gerardo Nigro, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, and Rosa Zampino. 2021. "Interplay between Heart Disease and Metabolic Steatosis: A Contemporary Perspective" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8: 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081569

APA Style

Ramadan, M. S., Russo, V., Nigro, G., Durante-Mangoni, E., & Zampino, R. (2021). Interplay between Heart Disease and Metabolic Steatosis: A Contemporary Perspective. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(8), 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081569

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