Smell and Taste Loss Recovery Time in COVID-19 Patients and Disease Severity
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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During Your COVID-19 Illness | |
---|---|
1. Did you experience loss/impairment of smell? | The severity in an ordinal scale 0–4 |
2. Did you experience loss/impairment of taste? | The severity in an ordinal scale 0–4 |
3. Did you experience nasal congestion/obstruction? | The severity in an ordinal scale 0–4 |
4. Did you experience rhinorrhea? | The severity in an ordinal scale 0–4 |
5. When did you first notice the loss of smell? | Before/After diagnosis |
6. Did the loss/impairment of smell resolve and when? | Yes ● No Days from onset |
7. Did the loss/impairment of taste resolve and when? | Yes ● No Days from onset |
8. Are you smoking? | Yes ● No ● Ex-smoker ● Electronic |
9. Do you have a history of allergic rhinitis? | Yes ● No |
10. Do you have a history of chronic rhinosinusitis? | Yes ● No |
Patients, n = 150, n (%) | |
---|---|
Age, years | 18–89 |
Mean ± SD | 51.6 ± 16.8 |
Sex | |
Male | 93 (62) |
Female | 57 (38) |
Smoking | 21 (14) |
Allergic rhinitis | 11 (7) |
Chronic rhinosinusitis | 3 (2) |
Comorbidities | |
No medical history | 86 (57) |
Hypertension | 30 (20) |
Diabetes | 16 (11) |
Cardiopathy | 9 (6) |
Covid-19 severity | |
Mild | 56 (37) |
Moderate | 50 (33) |
Severe | 34 (23) |
Critical (ICU-treated) | 10 (7) |
Hospitalized | 94 (63) |
Patients (n = 140), n (%) | |
---|---|
Smell loss | 57 (41) |
Taste loss | 53 (38) |
Smell and taste loss | 48 (34) |
Nasal obstruction | 16 (11) |
Rhinorrhea | 13 (9) |
Allergic rhinitis | 11 (8) |
Chronic rhinosinusitis | 3 (2) |
Smell loss severity | |
Mild | 3 (5) |
Moderate | 12 (21) |
Severe | 11 (19) |
Extremely severe (anosmia) | 31 (54) |
Taste loss severity | |
Mild | 3 (6) |
Moderate | 11 (21) |
Severe | 7 (5) |
Extremely severe | 32 (61) |
Smell loss recovery | 50 (88) |
Taste loss recovery | 42 (79) |
Hyposmia before other symptoms | 15 (26) |
Smell loss duration (days), median (IQR) | 11.5 (13.3) |
Taste loss duration (days), median (IQR) | 10 (8) |
Smell Loss Prevalence Patients; n (%) | p | Hyposmia Duration Days; Mean ± SD | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 Disease Severity | 0.327 | 0.756 ** | ||
Mild Moderate Severe | 19 (33) 23 (46) 15 (44) | 13.5 ± 8.3 14.1 ± 12 16.9 ± 13.2 | ||
Sex | 0.327 | 0.874 *** | ||
Male Female | 33 (38) 24 (44) | 14.1 ± 9.2 15.7 ± 13.9 |
Recovery Rates Patients; n (%) | p | Days to Recovery Mean ± SD | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Smell loss severity | 0.396 | 0.04 | ||
Moderate Severe Extremely severe | 10 (83) 11 (100) 27 (87) | 9 ± 6.8 21.2 ± 12.5 14.7 ± 10.3 | ||
Taste loss severity | 0.51 | 0.084 | ||
Moderate Severe Extremely severe | 8 (73) 6 (85) 28 (88) | 8.5 ± 7 15.8 ± 12.8 14.8 ± 10.7 |
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Printza, A.; Katotomichelakis, M.; Valsamidis, K.; Metallidis, S.; Panagopoulos, P.; Panopoulou, M.; Petrakis, V.; Constantinidis, J. Smell and Taste Loss Recovery Time in COVID-19 Patients and Disease Severity. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10050966
Printza A, Katotomichelakis M, Valsamidis K, Metallidis S, Panagopoulos P, Panopoulou M, Petrakis V, Constantinidis J. Smell and Taste Loss Recovery Time in COVID-19 Patients and Disease Severity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(5):966. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10050966
Chicago/Turabian StylePrintza, Athanasia, Mihalis Katotomichelakis, Konstantinos Valsamidis, Symeon Metallidis, Periklis Panagopoulos, Maria Panopoulou, Vasilis Petrakis, and Jannis Constantinidis. 2021. "Smell and Taste Loss Recovery Time in COVID-19 Patients and Disease Severity" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 5: 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10050966
APA StylePrintza, A., Katotomichelakis, M., Valsamidis, K., Metallidis, S., Panagopoulos, P., Panopoulou, M., Petrakis, V., & Constantinidis, J. (2021). Smell and Taste Loss Recovery Time in COVID-19 Patients and Disease Severity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(5), 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10050966