Microbiome Metabolites and Thyroid Dysfunction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Microbiome and Thyroid Diseases
3. Microbiota and Thyroid Hormone Metabolism
4. Mineral Absorption and Microbiome
4.1. Iodine
4.2. Iron
4.3. Selenium
4.4. Zinc
4.5. Copper
5. The Impact of Oral Thyroid Hormone Supplementation on Microbiome
6. Microbiota and Immune Response in Autoimmune Diseases
6.1. Mechanism Contributing to the Development of AITD in the Course of Infection
6.2. Alterations in Gut Microbiome Leading to Augmented Immune Response
7. Short-Chain Fatty Acids
8. Secondary Bile Acids
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bargiel, P.; Szczuko, M.; Stachowska, L.; Prowans, P.; Czapla, N.; Markowska, M.; Petriczko, J.; Kledzik, J.; Jędrzejczyk-Kledzik, A.; Palma, J.; et al. Microbiome Metabolites and Thyroid Dysfunction. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 3609. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163609
Bargiel P, Szczuko M, Stachowska L, Prowans P, Czapla N, Markowska M, Petriczko J, Kledzik J, Jędrzejczyk-Kledzik A, Palma J, et al. Microbiome Metabolites and Thyroid Dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(16):3609. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163609
Chicago/Turabian StyleBargiel, Piotr, Małgorzata Szczuko, Laura Stachowska, Piotr Prowans, Norbert Czapla, Marta Markowska, Jan Petriczko, Jakub Kledzik, Alicja Jędrzejczyk-Kledzik, Joanna Palma, and et al. 2021. "Microbiome Metabolites and Thyroid Dysfunction" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16: 3609. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163609