The Addition of Endometrial Injury to Freeze-All Strategy in Women with Repeated Implantation Failures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Population/Eligibly Criteria and Study Design
2.2. Frozen Replacement Protocol
2.3. Selection of Embryos and Embryo Transfer
2.4. Outcome Measures
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Characteristics
3.2. Primary Analysis of the Primary and Secondary Outcomes
3.3. Secondary Analyses
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Normal Variables | Study Group | Control Group | Mean Difference | p-Value |
Age at Cycle | 34.90 (4.32) | 34.97 (3.83) | 0.07 | 0.9498 |
E2 | 63.63 (23.77) | 68.99 (35.40) | 5.37 | 0.4938 |
MII Oocytes | 6.93 (2.93) | 5.63 (2.55) | 1.30 | 0.0723 |
2PN | 5.60 (2.27) | 4.63 (2.01) | 0.97 | 0.0858 |
Sperm Motility | 0.40 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.15) | 0.01 | 0.7320 |
Non-Normal Variables | Study Group | Control Group | Median Difference | p-Value |
BMI Level | 22.15 (10.70) | 22.66 (13.54) | 0.51 | 0.6734 |
No of Retrieved Oocytes | 8.00 (15.00) | 7.00 (14.00) | 1.00 | 0.2059 |
No of Previous Miscarriages | 0.00 (2.00) | 0.00 (3.00) | 0.00 | 0.3770 |
No of Previous IVF Attempts | 2.00 (4.00) | 1.00 (4.00) | 1.00 | 0.5116 |
FSH | 7.20 (10.10) | 7.21 (7.60) | 0.01 | 0.4419 |
LH | 6.08 (19.10) | 5.37 (7.15) | 0.71 | 0.1187 |
AMH | 24.67 (61.28) | 22.48 (56.08) | 2.19 | 0.3632 |
PRL | 15.96 (29.52) | 20.30 (28.60) | 4.34 | 0.1373 |
TSH | 2.31 (3.78) | 2.48 (3.85) | 0.17 | 0.8766 |
Stimulation Days | 11.50 (7.00) | 12.00 (4.00) | 0.50 | 0.2508 |
Total Gonadotrophins | 2550.00 (2725.00) | 2337.50 (3000.00) | 212.50 | 0.5584 |
AFC | 10.00 (15.00) | 9.00 (15.00) | 1.00 | 0.4096 |
Age at Menarche | 13.00 (8.00) | 12.00 (6.00) | 1.00 | 0.0759 |
Sperm Concentration | 33,500,000 (97,000,000) | 30,000,000 (148,000,000) | 3,500,000 | 0.4410 |
Sperm Morphology | 0.97 (0.07) | 0.98 (0.07) | 0.01 | 0.2689 |
Sperm Concentration After Activation | 10,000,000 (49,500,000) | 6,500,000 (19,500,000) | 3,500,000 | 0.3537 |
Sperm Motility After Activation | 0.80 (0.65) | 0.90 (0.63) | 0.10 | 0.1555 |
Variable | Study Group | Control Group | Difference | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Live Birth | 8/30 (26.67%) | 3/30 (10.00%) | 16.67% | 0.0876 |
Biochemical Pregnancy | 10/30 (33.34%) | 9/30 (30.00%) | 3.34% | 0.7812 |
Clinical Pregnancy | 8/30 (26.67%) | 5/30 (16.67) | 10.00% | 0.3436 |
Miscarriage | 2/30 (6.67%) | 6/30 (20.00%) | 13.33% | 0.1213 |
Number of Sacs | 0.00 (2.00) | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.00 | 0.2839 |
Variables | Chi-Square Value (p-Value) | Fisher’s Test (p-Value) |
---|---|---|
Live Birth | 2.7829 (0.0953) | 0.1806 |
Biochemical Pregnancy | 0.0770 (0.7814) | 0.9999 |
Clinical Pregnancy | 0.8838 (0.3472) | 0.5321 |
Miscarriage * | 2.3077 (0.1287) | 0.2542 |
Variables | Parameter Estimate | Standard Error | Wald χ2 Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.7885 | 0.5587 | 1.99 | 0.1582 |
Variables | Parameter Estimate | Std. Error | Wald χ2 Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
LIVE BIRTH | ||||
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 1.1845 | 0.7363 | 2.59 | 0.1077 |
BMI Level | −0.0492 | 0.1168 | 0.18 | 0.6736 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 1.1868 | 0.7356 | 2.60 | 0.1067 |
Age at Cycle | 0.0132 | 0.0837 | 0.03 | 0.8742 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 1.0680 | 0.7495 | 2.03 | 0.1541 |
No. of Retr. Ooc. | 0.1315 | 0.0936 | 1.97 | 0.1602 |
Biochemical PREGNANCY | ||||
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.1498 | 0.5578 | 0.07 | 0.7883 |
BMI Level | −0.0647 | 0.0969 | 0.45 | 0.5042 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.1522 | 0.5564 | 0.07 | 0.7844 |
Age at Cycle | −0.0271 | 0.0690 | 0.15 | 0.6940 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | −0.0295 | 0.5846 | 0.01 | 0.9598 |
No. of Retr. Ooc. | 0.1618 | 0.0819 | 3.91 | 0.0481 * |
CLINICAL PREGNANCY | ||||
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.5956 | 0.6417 | 0.86 | 0.3534 |
BMI Level | −0.0491 | 0.1089 | 0.20 | 0.6521 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.6009 | 0.6418 | 0.88 | 0.3491 |
Age at Cycle | 0.0367 | 0.0791 | 0.22 | 0.6427 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.4378 | 0.6646 | 0.43 | 0.5101 |
No. of Retr. Ooc. | 0.1597 | 0.0892 | 3.20 | 0.0734 |
MISCARRIAGE | ||||
Endom. Inj. (Y) | −1.2638 | 0.8647 | 2.14 | 0.1439 |
BMI Level | −0.0642 | 0.1400 | 0.21 | 0.6466 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | −1.2772 | 0.8681 | 2.16 | 0.1412 |
Age at Cycle | −0.0737 | 0.0985 | 0.56 | 0.4542 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | −1.4476 | 0.8959 | 2.61 | 0.1062 |
No. of Retr. Ooc. | 0.1313 | 0.1084 | 1.47 | 0.2257 |
No. OF SACS | ||||
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.7785 | 0.5396 | 2.08 | 0.1491 |
BMI Level | −0.0798 | 0.0893 | 0.80 | 0.3714 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.7862 | 0.5394 | 2.12 | 0.1450 |
Age at Cycle | −0.0212 | 0.0606 | 0.12 | 0.7268 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 0.6338 | 0.5459 | 1.35 | 0.2456 |
No. of Retr. Ooc. | 0.1259 | 0.0653 | 3.72 | 0.0537 |
Day of Embryo Transfer | Study Group | Control Group | Difference | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Day 3 | 12/30 (40.00%) | 14/30 (46.67%) | 6.67% | 0.6022 |
Day 5 | 18/30 (60.00%) | 16/30 (53.33%) | 6.67% | 0.6022 |
Variables | Parameter Estimate | Std. Error | Wald χ2 Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Live Birth | ||||
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 1.2232 | 0.7408 | 2.73 | 0.0987 |
Day of ET (5) | 0.4537 | 0.7089 | 0.41 | 0.5222 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 1.2140 | 0.7408 | 2.69 | 0.1012 |
Day of ET (5) | 0.4264 | 0.7129 | 0.36 | 0.5497 |
BMI Level | −0.0409 | 0.1159 | 0.12 | 0.7240 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 1.2352 | 0.7418 | 2.77 | 0.0959 |
Day of ET (5) | 0.6717 | 0.8306 | 0.65 | 0.4187 |
Age at Cycle | 0.0542 | 0.1025 | 0.28 | 0.5972 |
Endom. Inj. (Y) | 1.0837 | 0.7559 | 2.06 | 0.1517 |
Day of ET (5) | 0.1256 | 0.7629 | 0.03 | 0.8692 |
No. of Retr. Ooc. | 0.1260 | 0.0994 | 1.61 | 0.2047 |
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Rigos, I.; Athanasiou, V.; Vlahos, N.; Papantoniou, N.; Profer, D.; Siristatidis, C. The Addition of Endometrial Injury to Freeze-All Strategy in Women with Repeated Implantation Failures. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102162
Rigos I, Athanasiou V, Vlahos N, Papantoniou N, Profer D, Siristatidis C. The Addition of Endometrial Injury to Freeze-All Strategy in Women with Repeated Implantation Failures. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(10):2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102162
Chicago/Turabian StyleRigos, Ioannis, Vasileios Athanasiou, Nikolaos Vlahos, Nikolaos Papantoniou, Dimitrios Profer, and Charalampos Siristatidis. 2021. "The Addition of Endometrial Injury to Freeze-All Strategy in Women with Repeated Implantation Failures" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10: 2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102162