Proton-Conducting Polymeric Membranes Based on 1,2,4-Triazole
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Physicochemical and Electrophysical Properties of Poly-1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole
3. Proton-Conducting Membranes Based on 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole Homopolymers
4. Proton-Conducting Membranes Based on 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole Copolymers
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name | Temperature, °C | Max. Proton Conductivity, S/cm | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
1H-1,2,4-triazole | 115 120 | 1.5 × 10−4 1.2 × 10−3 | [23] |
1H-1,2,4-triazole and 4-dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid | 120 | 2.0 × 10−2 | [23] |
1H-1,2,4-triazole and sulfonated polysulfone | 100 140 | 1.5 × 10−3 5.0 × 10−3 | [23] |
1,2,4-triazole and alginic acid | 100 | 1.0 × 10−4 | [25] |
Poly(vinylidene flouride)–poly(chloromethyl styrene)—1H-1,2,4-triazole and trifilic acid | 120 150 | 1.2 × 10−2 2.0 × 10−2 | [26] |
Poly(methacryloyl-1,2,4-triazole) and trifilic acid | 150 | 8.7 × 10−4 | [27] |
Poly(methacryloyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) and trifilic acid | 150 | 2.0 × 10−2 | [27] |
Poly(vinyl alcohol)—sulfosuccinic acid—3-amino-1,2,4-triazole | 140 | 7.26 × 10−3 | [28] |
Poly(vinyl alcohol)—poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)—1,2,4-triazole | 150 | 2.0 × 10−3 | [29] |
Poly(phenylene oxide)—1,2,4-triazole and phosphoric acid | 150 | 1.14 × 10−1 | [30] |
1,2,4-Triazolium methanesulfonate | 140 190 | 1.86 × 10−2 3.65 × 10−2 | [32] |
Nafion—1,2,4-triazolium methanesulfonate | 140 180 | 3.67 × 10−3 1.32 × 10−2 | [32] |
Sample Name | T, °C | σ, S/cm | IEC, mmol/g | WU, % | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and phosphoric acid | 50 | 1.2 × 10−4 | – | – | [55] |
Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and phosphoric acid | 140 150 | 5.0 × 10−3 4.0 × 10−3 | – | – | [56] |
Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and nitrilotri(methyl triphosphonic acid) | 150 | 8.5 × 10−4 | – | – | [57] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and nitrilotri (methyl triphosphonic acid) | 150 | 8.5 × 10−4 | – | – | [58] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and poly(vinylphosphonic acid) | 180 * 100 | 2.5 × 10−5 * 2.2 × 10−2 | – | 150–350 | [59] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) | 120 150 | 3.3 × 10−2 1.5 × 10−2 | – | – | [60] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and toluenesulfonic acid | 110 150 | 1.2 × 10−2 8.0 × 10−4 | – | – | [61] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid | 80 | 1.2 × 10−2 | – | – | [62] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and poly(2-acrylamido2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) | 150 * 100 | 1.1 × 10−6 * 3.0 × 10−1 | – | 150–240 | [63] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and polybenzimidazole (blends) and phosphoric acid | 160 | 1.1 × 10−1 | – | 33–43 | [64] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and poly(vinyl alcohol) with sulfosuccinic acid | 150 * 60 | 2.5 × 10−5 * 2.8 × 10−3 | – | 80–150 | [65] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) with phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid and poly(vinyl alcohol) cross-linked with oxalic acid | 80 | 6.0 × 10−2 7.3 × 10−3 6.2 × 10−3 | 0.9–3.4 | 50–200 | [66,67] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and sulfonated polysulfone and phosphoric acid | 150 | 3.6 × 10−4 | 3.05 | – | [68] |
Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and Nafion (blends) | 220 * 25 | 5.3 × 10−4 * 1.0 × 10−3 | – | 48–140 | [69] |
Sample Name | T, °C | σ, S/cm | IEC, mmol/g | WU, % | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copolymer based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and methyl methacrilate doping with phosphoric acid | 25 130 | 1.5 × 10−2 1.1 × 10−1 | – | – | [72] |
Copolymer based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and fluoroalkylmethacrylates doping with phosphoric acid | 25 130 | 2.5 × 10−2 0.8 × 10−1 | – | – | [70,71,72] |
Copolymer based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and vinylphophonic acid | 120 | 1.0 × 10−3 | – | – | [73] |
Copolymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid | 130 | 2.0 × 10−3 | – | – | [74] |
Copolymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and 5-(methacrylamido)tetrazole doping with phosphoric acid | 150 | 1.6 × 10−2 | – | – | [75] |
Copolymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and diisopropyl-p-vinylbenzyl phosphonate doping with phosphoric acid | 150 | 5.0 × 10−3 | 6.1–7.6 | [76] | |
Copolymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and poly(vinylidene fluoride) doping with triflic acid | 150 | 6.0 × 10−3 | – | – | [77] |
Block copolymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazolium salts and N-vinyl pyrrolidone | 90 | 3.1 × 10−4 | – | – | [78] |
Block copolymer based on poly-N-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and poly-N-vinyl imidazole on the surface of a multiwalled carbon nanotube | 180 | 1.6 × 10−1 | – | – | [79] |
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Prozorova, G.F.; Pozdnyakov, A.S. Proton-Conducting Polymeric Membranes Based on 1,2,4-Triazole. Membranes 2023, 13, 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020169
Prozorova GF, Pozdnyakov AS. Proton-Conducting Polymeric Membranes Based on 1,2,4-Triazole. Membranes. 2023; 13(2):169. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020169
Chicago/Turabian StyleProzorova, Galina F., and Alexander S. Pozdnyakov. 2023. "Proton-Conducting Polymeric Membranes Based on 1,2,4-Triazole" Membranes 13, no. 2: 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020169