Analytical Performance of Electromembranes as a Tool for Nanoconcentrations of Silver in Waters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Reagents and Solutions
2.2. Equipment
2.3. EME Procedure
2.4. Optimization
2.5. Effect of Saline Matrix
2.6. Application to Real Samples
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization
3.1.1. Screening of Factors
3.1.2. Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
3.2. Effect of Saline Matrix
3.3. Applicability of EME System
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step | Temperature (°C) | Ramp (°C/s) | Hold (s) |
---|---|---|---|
Dry | 80 | 6 | 20 |
Dry | 90 | 3 | 20 |
Dry | 110 | 5 | 10 |
Pyrolysis | 350 | 50 | 20 |
Pyrolysis | 1000 | 300 | 10 |
Atomization | 1900 | 1500 | 3 |
Clean-out | 2450 | 500 | 4 |
Factors | Levels |
---|---|
[Na2S2O3] | 0.05–1 N |
[KNO3] | 0.05–1 M |
[Cyanex 471x] | 0.05–1 M |
Electric potential | 0–30 V |
Extraction time | 5–20 min |
Stirring rate | 300–1000 rpm |
Factors | Levels |
---|---|
[Na2S2O3] | 0.05–0.1 N |
Electric potential | 25–75 V |
Extraction time | 25–35 min |
Stirring rate | 600–900 rpm |
Sample | 1 [Ag]ref. ng·L−1 | [Ag]EME ng·L−1 | %Recovery | %Error | t | t-Test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.99 ± 2.71 1 | 6.02 ± 0.81 | 86.08 | −13.87 | 0.60 | Accepted a |
2 | 17.58 ± 1.40 1 | 18.83 ± 1.89 | 107.15 | −7.11 | 0.87 | Accepted b |
3 | 28.61 ± 6.52 1 | 22.68 ± 6.23 | 79.27 | 20.73 | 1.14 | Accepted a |
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Silva, M.; Mendiguchía, C.; Moreno, C. Analytical Performance of Electromembranes as a Tool for Nanoconcentrations of Silver in Waters. Membranes 2023, 13, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010011
Silva M, Mendiguchía C, Moreno C. Analytical Performance of Electromembranes as a Tool for Nanoconcentrations of Silver in Waters. Membranes. 2023; 13(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010011
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva, Macarena, Carolina Mendiguchía, and Carlos Moreno. 2023. "Analytical Performance of Electromembranes as a Tool for Nanoconcentrations of Silver in Waters" Membranes 13, no. 1: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010011