Novel Magnetic Mixed Cellulose Acetate Matrix Membranes with Oxygen-Enrichment Potential
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Preparation of the Iron–Nickel Magnetic Alloys/Fillers
2.2.2. Preparation of Cellulose Acetate (CA) Polymeric Dope
2.2.3. Preparation of Magnetic Mixed Cellulose Acetate Matrix Membranes
2.2.4. Iron–Nickel Alloys and Membrane Characterization
3. Results
3.1. Iron–Nickel Alloys/Fillers
3.2. Magnetic Mixed Cellulose Acetate (CA) Matrix Membranes
3.3. Membrane Porosity and Thickness
3.4. Membrane Microstructure
3.5. The Elemental Composition
3.6. Membrane Hydrophilicity
3.7. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.8. Membrane Roughness
3.9. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) Analysis
3.10. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
3.11. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Analysis
3.12. Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Membrane Code | Filler Concen. (wt.%) | Filler Shape | LiCl Concen. (wt.%) | PMMA Concen. (wt.%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Blank CA WO | 0 | No filler | 0.0 | 0.0 |
2 | Blank CAP WO | 0 | No filler | 0.0 | 0.8 |
3 | Blank CA W | 0 | No filler | 0.1 | 0.0 |
4 | Blank CAP W | 0 | No filler | 0.1 | 0.8 |
5 | CA1090 WO | 2 | Starfish-like | 0.0 | 0.0 |
6 | CAP1090 WO | 2 | Starfish-like | 0.0 | 0.8 |
7 | CA1090 W | 2 | Starfish-like | 0.1 | 0.0 |
8 | CAP1090 W | 2 | Starfish-like | 0.1 | 0.8 |
9 | CA2080 WO | 2 | Necklace-like | 0.0 | 0.0 |
10 | CAP2080 WO | 2 | Necklace-like | 0.0 | 0.8 |
11 | CA2080 W | 2 | Necklace-like | 0.1 | 0.0 |
12 | CAP2080 W | 2 | Necklace-like | 0.1 | 0.8 |
Alloy Code | Adsorbed Amount (Vm) | Surface Area (as) | Total Pore Volume | Average Pore Diameter |
---|---|---|---|---|
cm3 (STP) g−1 | m2·g−1 | cm3·g−1 | nm | |
Fe10Ni90—starfish-like | 1.0852 | 4.72 | 0.05 | 43.40 |
Fe20Ni80—necklace-like | 1.7209 | 7.49 | 0.08 | 40.32 |
Membrane Code | Atomic % | Mass % | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | Ni | O | C | Cl | Fe | Ni | O | C | Cl | |
Blank CAP WO | 0.00 | 0.00 | 52.87 | 47.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 59.91 | 40.09 | 0.00 |
Blank CA W | 0.00 | 0.00 | 51.12 | 48.07 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 57.43 | 40.54 | 2.03 |
CAP1090 WO | 0.16 | 0.75 | 39.42 | 59.67 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 3.15 | 45.04 | 51.17 | 0.00 |
CAP1090 W | 0.35 | 0.64 | 50.22 | 48.74 | 0.05 | 1.35 | 2.59 | 55.50 | 40.44 | 0.12 |
CAP2080 WO | 0.22 | 0.07 | 40.11 | 59.60 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.15 | 44.04 | 55.07 | 0.00 |
CAP2080 W | 1.25 | 22.49 | 26.59 | 48.25 | 1.42 | 2.87 | 53.99 | 17.40 | 23.69 | 2.05 |
Membrane Code | Atomic % | Mass % | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | Ni | O | C | Cl | Fe | Ni | O | C | Cl | |
Blank CAP W | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.87 | 97.56 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.81 | 97.33 | 0.00 |
CAP1090 W | 0.78 | 2.49 | 1.44 | 95.09 | 0.20 | 3.20 | 10.75 | 1.69 | 83.84 | 0.53 |
CAP2080 W | 1.96 | 0.01 | 14.66 | 83.11 | 0.28 | 8.10 | 0.03 | 17.35 | 73.84 | 0.73 |
No. | Membrane Code | Filler Concen. (wt.%) | Filler Shape | Coercivity (Hc) (emu/g) | Total Porosity (%) | Large-Size Porosity (%) | OTR cm3/(m2·s) × 10−5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Blank PES W | 0 | No filler | 79.33 | 89 ± 1.0 | 70 ± 6 | 0.00 |
2 | Blank CAP W | 0 | No filler | 19.89 | 87 ± 2.0 | 82 ± 2 | 0.01 |
3 | PES1090 W | 2 | Starfish-like | 103.40 | 93 ± 0.7 | 88 ± 3 | 3.61 |
4 | CAP1090 W | 2 | Starfish-like | 109.26 | 91 ± 0.8 | 89 ± 1 | 1.27 |
5 | PES2080 W | 2 | Necklace-like | 73.67 | 92 ± 0.7 | 86 ± 2 | 1.36 |
6 | CAP2080 W | 2 | Necklace-like | 62.28 | 91 ± 2.0 | 84 ± 2 | 0.57 |
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Nady, N.; Salem, N.; Elmarghany, M.R.; Salem, M.S.; Kandil, S.H. Novel Magnetic Mixed Cellulose Acetate Matrix Membranes with Oxygen-Enrichment Potential. Membranes 2022, 12, 1259. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121259
Nady N, Salem N, Elmarghany MR, Salem MS, Kandil SH. Novel Magnetic Mixed Cellulose Acetate Matrix Membranes with Oxygen-Enrichment Potential. Membranes. 2022; 12(12):1259. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121259
Chicago/Turabian StyleNady, Norhan, Noha Salem, Mohamed R. Elmarghany, Mohamed S. Salem, and Sherif H. Kandil. 2022. "Novel Magnetic Mixed Cellulose Acetate Matrix Membranes with Oxygen-Enrichment Potential" Membranes 12, no. 12: 1259. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121259