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Volume 11
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10.3390/membranes11030204
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Article

“Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites

by
Ievgen Pylypchuk
1,*,
Roman Selyanchyn
2,*,
Tetyana Budnyak
3,
Yadong Zhao
1,
Mikael Lindström
1,4,
Shigenori Fujikawa
2 and
Olena Sevastyanova
1,4
1
Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
2
WPI International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University, Ito Campus, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
3
Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
4
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Membranes 2021, 11(3), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030204
Submission received: 25 February 2021 / Revised: 9 March 2021 / Accepted: 10 March 2021 / Published: 13 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection Polymeric Membranes: Science, Materials and Applications)
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Abstract

Nanocellulose membranes based on tunicate-derived cellulose nanofibers, starch, and ~5% wood-derived lignin were investigated using three different types of lignin. The addition of lignin into cellulose membranes increased the specific surface area (from 5 to ~50 m2/g), however the fine porous geometry of the nanocellulose with characteristic pores below 10 nm in diameter remained similar for all membranes. The permeation of H2, CO2, N2, and O2 through the membranes was investigated and a characteristic Knudsen diffusion through the membranes was observed at a rate proportional to the inverse of their molecular sizes. Permeability values, however, varied significantly between samples containing different lignins, ranging from several to thousands of barrers (10−10 cm3 (STP) cm cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1cm), and were related to the observed morphology and lignin distribution inside the membranes. Additionally, the addition of ~5% lignin resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength from 3 GPa to ~6–7 GPa, but did not change thermal properties (glass transition or thermal stability). Overall, the combination of plant-derived lignin as a filler or binder in cellulose–starch composites with a sea-animal derived nanocellulose presents an interesting new approach for the fabrication of membranes from abundant bio-derived materials. Future studies should focus on the optimization of these types of membranes for the selective and fast transport of gases needed for a variety of industrial separation processes.
Keywords: nanocellulose; lignin; nanocomposites; gas separation; biopolymer membrane nanocellulose; lignin; nanocomposites; gas separation; biopolymer membrane
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MDPI and ACS Style

Pylypchuk, I.; Selyanchyn, R.; Budnyak, T.; Zhao, Y.; Lindström, M.; Fujikawa, S.; Sevastyanova, O. “Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites. Membranes 2021, 11, 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030204

AMA Style

Pylypchuk I, Selyanchyn R, Budnyak T, Zhao Y, Lindström M, Fujikawa S, Sevastyanova O. “Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites. Membranes. 2021; 11(3):204. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030204

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pylypchuk, Ievgen, Roman Selyanchyn, Tetyana Budnyak, Yadong Zhao, Mikael Lindström, Shigenori Fujikawa, and Olena Sevastyanova. 2021. "“Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites" Membranes 11, no. 3: 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030204

APA Style

Pylypchuk, I., Selyanchyn, R., Budnyak, T., Zhao, Y., Lindström, M., Fujikawa, S., & Sevastyanova, O. (2021). “Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites. Membranes, 11(3), 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030204

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