Enhancing the Antibacterial Properties of PVDF Membrane by Hydrophilic Surface Modification Using Titanium Dioxide and Silver Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Chemicals and Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedures
Membrane Modification via Titanium Dioxide and Silver Nanoparticles (TiO2-NP and AgNP)
2.3. Membrane Characterization
2.3.1. Contact Angle Measurement
2.3.2. Morphology and Chemical Composition
2.3.3. Porosity Analysis
2.3.4. Permeation Performances
2.3.5. Functional Group Analysis
2.4. Antibacterial Test
2.4.1. E. Coli Strains and Growth Condition
2.4.2. Antibacterial Test
2.4.3. Biofilm Inhibition Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Hydrophilic Membrane Modification
3.1.1. Water Contact Angle (WCA)
3.1.2. Membrane Morphology
3.1.3. Surface Roughness
3.1.4. Porosity
3.1.5. Pure Water Flux of Membranes
3.2. Antibacterial Properties of Modified Membrane
3.2.1. Antibacterial Test
3.2.2. Biofilm Inhibition Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pore Size (µm) | 0.45 |
Membrane Porosity (%) | 80 |
Thickness (µm) | 110 |
Color | White |
Properties | TiO2-NP | AgNP |
---|---|---|
Appearance | White Powder | Yellow Brown Colloid |
Crystalline Structure | 80% Anatase, 20% Rutile | - |
Primary Particle Size (nm) | 21 | - |
Average Particle Size (nm) | - | 5–20 |
Particle Shape | - | Nanospheres |
pH | - | 6 ± 1 |
Specific gravity (g mL−1) | - | 1.01 |
Tamped density (g L−1) | 130 | - |
Specific surface area (m2 g−1) | 50 | - |
Content (wt%) | ˃99.5 | - |
Membrane | Concentration of TiO2-NP (ppm) | Concentration of AgNP (ppm) | Immersion Time (h) |
---|---|---|---|
Original PVDF | |||
M1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Control PVDF | |||
TiO2-NP | 10 | 0 | 24 |
AgNP | 0 | 10 | 24 |
Modified PVDF | |||
M2 | 10 | 10 | 8 |
M3 | 10 | 10 | 16 |
M4 | 10 | 10 | 24 |
M5 | 10 | 20 | 24 |
M6 | 20 | 10 | 24 |
Membrane | C (%) | F (%) | O (%) | Ti (%) | Ag (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 55.11 ± 0.18 | 43.61 ± 0.22 | 1.28 ± 0.08 | - | - |
M2 | 58.16 ± 0.21 | 35.05 ± 0.28 | 4.36 ± 0.14 | 1.39 ± 0.13 | 1.03 ± 0.07 |
M3 | 35.89 ± 0.17 | 30.42 ± 0.34 | 20.51 ± 0.27 | 8.33 ± 0.22 | 4.84 ± 0.11 |
M4 | 45.02 ± 0.17 | 34.42 ± 0.27 | 12.65 ± 0.18 | 4.29 ± 0.16 | 3.62 ± 0.08 |
M4after | 55.62 ± 0.07 | 37. 59 ± 0.11 | 5. 36 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.01 |
M5 | 46.57 ± 0.18 | 33.61 ± 0.30 | 12.19 ± 0.20 | 4.06 ± 0.16 | 3.57 ± 0.09 |
M6 | 30.87 ± 0.16 | 25.46 ± 0.31 | 24.48 ± 0.30 | 13.80 ± 0.26 | 5.39 ± 0.11 |
Membrane | Porosity (%) |
---|---|
M1 | 61.33 ± 2.83 |
M2 | 67.19 ± 3.70 |
M3 | 67.81 ± 3.79 |
M4 | 66.74 ± 2.45 |
M5 | 66.45 ± 2.78 |
M6 | 64.10 ± 4.73 |
TiO2-NP (control) | 65.99 ± 10.35 |
AgNP (control) | 66.52 ± 3.35 |
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Samree, K.; Srithai, P.-u.; Kotchaplai, P.; Thuptimdang, P.; Painmanakul, P.; Hunsom, M.; Sairiam, S. Enhancing the Antibacterial Properties of PVDF Membrane by Hydrophilic Surface Modification Using Titanium Dioxide and Silver Nanoparticles. Membranes 2020, 10, 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100289
Samree K, Srithai P-u, Kotchaplai P, Thuptimdang P, Painmanakul P, Hunsom M, Sairiam S. Enhancing the Antibacterial Properties of PVDF Membrane by Hydrophilic Surface Modification Using Titanium Dioxide and Silver Nanoparticles. Membranes. 2020; 10(10):289. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100289
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamree, Kajeephan, Pen-umpai Srithai, Panaya Kotchaplai, Pumis Thuptimdang, Pisut Painmanakul, Mali Hunsom, and Sermpong Sairiam. 2020. "Enhancing the Antibacterial Properties of PVDF Membrane by Hydrophilic Surface Modification Using Titanium Dioxide and Silver Nanoparticles" Membranes 10, no. 10: 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100289