COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine with a Combination of TLR1/2 and TLR3 Agonists Induces Robust and Protective Immunity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Studies
2.1.1. Mice
2.1.2. Ferrets
2.2. Adjuvant Formulation
2.3. Immunization and Virus Challenge
2.3.1. Mouse Immunization
2.3.2. Ferret Immunization and Virus Challenge
2.4. Neutralizing Assay
2.5. ACE-2-Blocking Assay
2.6. SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG ELISA
2.7. Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT) Assay
2.8. ELISA Assay
2.9. Intracellular Cytokine Staining Assay
2.10. Viral Load Analysis
2.10.1. Infectious Virus Titer (TCID50)
2.10.2. qRT-PCR
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. RBD and S1 Admixed with L-Pampo Induces Robust Humoral Responses and Cellular Immune Responses
3.2. RBD-Fc with L-Pampo Induces Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses
3.3. RBD and S1 Admixed with L-Pampo Induce Protective Immunity in the Ferret Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Immunization Group | Virus Replication | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 dpc | 4 dpc | 6 dpc | 8 dpc | 10 dpc | 12 dpc | |
PBS | 4/4 1 | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 | 3/4 | 1/4 |
(16.8 ± 7.5) | (22.5 ± 2.8) | (21.7 ± 3.9) | (26.8 ± 3.3) | (24.4 ± 3.6) | (27.2 ± 0.0) | |
Ag only | 6/6 1 | 6/6 | 6/6 | 5/6 | 2/6 | 0/6 |
(21.1 ± 2.2) 2 | (25.8 ± 3.3) | (24.9 ± 4.5) | (29.6 ± 4.2) | (32.4 ± 3.5) | (0.0 ± 0.0) | |
Ag + L-pampo | 6/6 | 5/6 | 3/6 | 0/6 | 0/6 | 0/6 |
(31.2 ± 1.9) | (32.7 ± 1.3) | (31.2 ± 0.8) | (0.0 ± 0.0) | (0.0 ± 0.0) | (0.0 ± 0.0) |
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Jeong, S.-K.; Heo, Y.-K.; Jeong, J.-H.; Ham, S.-J.; Yum, J.-S.; Ahn, B.-C.; Song, C.-S.; Chun, E.-Y. COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine with a Combination of TLR1/2 and TLR3 Agonists Induces Robust and Protective Immunity. Vaccines 2021, 9, 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090957
Jeong S-K, Heo Y-K, Jeong J-H, Ham S-J, Yum J-S, Ahn B-C, Song C-S, Chun E-Y. COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine with a Combination of TLR1/2 and TLR3 Agonists Induces Robust and Protective Immunity. Vaccines. 2021; 9(9):957. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090957
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong, Soo-Kyung, Yoon-Ki Heo, Jei-Hyun Jeong, Su-Jin Ham, Jung-Sun Yum, Byung-Cheol Ahn, Chang-Seon Song, and Eun-Young Chun. 2021. "COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine with a Combination of TLR1/2 and TLR3 Agonists Induces Robust and Protective Immunity" Vaccines 9, no. 9: 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090957