Decrease of Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization and Associated Complications in Children after the Implementation of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Definitions of CAP Admissions and Clinical Outcomes
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. The Trend of Hospitalization Rates before and after PVC13 Introduction
3.2. PCV13-Associated Reductions in the Clinical Outcomes
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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P-CAP | U-CAP | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Groups | Estimated Difference of Hospitalization Rate 1 | 95% CI | p Value | % of Change | Estimated Difference of Hospitalization Rate | 95% CI | p Value | % of Change |
<1 year | −22.51 | −35.52 to −9.51 | <0.01 | 59% | 20.50 | −91.49 to 135.64 | 0.71 | 12% |
1 year | −20.81 | −41.55 to −0.08 | 0.06 | 39% | 62.13 | −85.94 to 219.76 | 0.4 | 27% |
2~5 years | −18.01 | −31.63 to −4.4 | 0.01 | 47% | 39.84 | −61.84 to 147.66 | 0.43 | 24% |
6–18 years | −1.97 | −5.21 to 1.26 | 0.24 | 35% | 22.31 | −9.42 to 57.46 | 0.17 | 64% |
19–65 years | −0.31 | −0.58 to −0.03 | 0.04 | 39% | −2.93 | −19.38 to 13.08 | 0.71 | 5% |
66 years or older | −3.25 | −5.11 to −1.4 | 0 < 0.01 | 41% | −176.27 | −367.43 to −12.22 | 0.04 | 20% |
Age Groups | Length of Hospital Stay (Days, Mean ± SD) | ICU Admission (%) | Severe Pneumonia (%) | Invasive Procedure (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P-CAP Group | Pre- | Post- | p-Value | Pre- | Post- | p-Value | Pre- | Post- | p-Value | Pre- | Post- | p-Value |
<1 year | 6.5 (5.6) | 5.5 (3.8) | <0.0001 | 8.6 | 6.0 | 0.0187 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 0.5248 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0921 |
1 year | 5. 9 (4.3) | 5.1 (3.2) | <0.0001 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 0.0067 | 19.2 | 17.4 | 0.1488 | 2.4 | 0.6 | <0.0001 |
2~5 years | 6.0 (4.4) | 5.1 (3.3) | <0.0001 | 6. 8 | 3.9 | <0.0001 | 21.7 | 14.5 | <0.0001 | 4.3 | 2.0 | <0.0001 |
6–18 years | 5.9 (4.7) | 5.4 (4.3) | <0.0001 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 0.2333 | 19.6 | 16.3 | 0.0002 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 0.0098 |
19–65 years | 11.8 (12.1) | 12.0 (12.4) | 0.4708 | 22.5 | 24.4 | 0.1143 | 59.4 | 63.6 | 0.0027 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 0.6381 |
66 years or older | 13. 9 (12. 9) | 13.7 (12.2) | 0.4143 | 29.9 | 27.4 | 0.0231 | 81.9 | 81.6 | 0.7571 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 0.0608 |
U-CAP group | ||||||||||||
<1 year | 7.1 (7.5) | 6.3 (6.3) | <0.0001 | 11.2 | 10.3 | 0.0806 | 27.5 | 26.1 | 0.0545 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.969 |
1 year | 5.5 (4.7) | 5.1 (4.3) | <0.0001 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 0.2084 | 16.3 | 18.0 | 0.0005 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3849 |
2~5 years | 5.0 (3.7) | 4.7 (3.7) | <0.0001 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 0.1067 | 14.3 | 16.1 | <0.0001 | 0.6 | 0.3 | <0.0001 |
6–18 years | 5.5 (5.9) | 5.3 (5.4) | <0.0001 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 0.2516 | 16.0 | 17.6 | <0.0001 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.0026 |
19–65 years | 14.2 (15.8) | 13.1 (14.5) | <0.0001 | 24.9 | 21.7 | <0.0001 | 61.1 | 60.7 | 0.0109 | 10.1 | 8.9 | <0.0001 |
66 years or older | 17.2 (16.8) | 14.9 (14.4) | <0.0001 | 34.3 | 25.9 | <0.0001 | 82.3 | 80.4 | <0.0001 | 11.0 | 9.1 | <0.0001 |
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Shen, C.-F.; Chen, J.-L.; Su, C.-C.; Lin, W.-L.; Hsieh, M.-L.; Liu, C.-C.; Cheng, C.-L. Decrease of Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization and Associated Complications in Children after the Implementation of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Taiwan. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091043
Shen C-F, Chen J-L, Su C-C, Lin W-L, Hsieh M-L, Liu C-C, Cheng C-L. Decrease of Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization and Associated Complications in Children after the Implementation of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Taiwan. Vaccines. 2021; 9(9):1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091043
Chicago/Turabian StyleShen, Ching-Fen, Ju-Ling Chen, Chien-Chou Su, Wen-Liang Lin, Min-Ling Hsieh, Ching-Chun Liu, and Ching-Lan Cheng. 2021. "Decrease of Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization and Associated Complications in Children after the Implementation of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Taiwan" Vaccines 9, no. 9: 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091043
APA StyleShen, C.-F., Chen, J.-L., Su, C.-C., Lin, W.-L., Hsieh, M.-L., Liu, C.-C., & Cheng, C.-L. (2021). Decrease of Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization and Associated Complications in Children after the Implementation of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Taiwan. Vaccines, 9(9), 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091043