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Volume 9
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Article

Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients

by
Emanuele Amodio
*,
Giuseppina Capra
,
Alessandra Casuccio
,
Simona De Grazia
,
Dario Genovese
,
Stefano Pizzo
,
Giuseppe Calamusa
,
Donatella Ferraro
,
Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco
,
Francesco Vitale
and
Floriana Bonura
Department of Health, Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2021, 9(7), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070714
Submission received: 11 May 2021 / Revised: 27 May 2021 / Accepted: 22 June 2021 / Published: 1 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2 Serological Studies around the Globe)
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Abstract

COVID-19 is a current global threat, and the characterization of antibody response is vitally important to update vaccine development and strategies. In this study we assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (N = 272) and subjects vaccinated with the BNT162b2 m-RNA COVID-19 vaccine (N = 1256). For each participant, socio-demographic data, COVID-19 vaccination records, serological analyses, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status were collected. IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 were detected. Almost all vaccinated subjects (99.8%) showed a seropositivity to anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG and more than 80% of vaccinated subjects had IgG concentrations > 200 AU/mL. In a Tobit multivariable regression analysis, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was statistically significantly associated with increased IgG concentrations (β coef = 266.4; p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations was found with older age (β coef = −1.96 per year increase; p < 0.001), male sex (β coef = −22.3; p < 0.001), and days after immunization (β coef = −1.67 per day increase; p < 0.001). Our findings could support the vaccination campaigns confirming the high immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine under investigation with respect to the natural infection. Further studies will be required for evaluating the role of age and days after immunization in the persistence of vaccine antibodies and protection from the disease.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; SARS-CoV-2 infection; antibody concentrations COVID-19 vaccine; SARS-CoV-2 infection; antibody concentrations

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MDPI and ACS Style

Amodio, E.; Capra, G.; Casuccio, A.; Grazia, S.D.; Genovese, D.; Pizzo, S.; Calamusa, G.; Ferraro, D.; Giammanco, G.M.; Vitale, F.; et al. Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients. Vaccines 2021, 9, 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070714

AMA Style

Amodio E, Capra G, Casuccio A, Grazia SD, Genovese D, Pizzo S, Calamusa G, Ferraro D, Giammanco GM, Vitale F, et al. Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients. Vaccines. 2021; 9(7):714. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070714

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amodio, Emanuele, Giuseppina Capra, Alessandra Casuccio, Simona De Grazia, Dario Genovese, Stefano Pizzo, Giuseppe Calamusa, Donatella Ferraro, Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco, Francesco Vitale, and et al. 2021. "Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients" Vaccines 9, no. 7: 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070714

APA Style

Amodio, E., Capra, G., Casuccio, A., Grazia, S. D., Genovese, D., Pizzo, S., Calamusa, G., Ferraro, D., Giammanco, G. M., Vitale, F., & Bonura, F. (2021). Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients. Vaccines, 9(7), 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070714

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