Poly (I:C)-Potentiated Vaccination Enhances T Cell Response in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Providing Protection against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish and Viruses
2.2. VHSV Challenge Test
2.3. RNA Extraction and RT-PCR for VHSV
2.4. Preparation for Vaccination
2.5. Vaccination
2.6. Preparation of Olive Flounder Leukocytes
2.7. Flow Cytometry
2.8. Measuring Population of CD3+, CD4-1+, and CD4-2+ T Cells in Olive Flounder after VHSV Infection and Vaccination
2.9. Stastical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. VHSV Challenge Test
3.2. Proliferation of T Cells Expressing CD3, CD4-1, and CD4-2 in Fish from the Experimental Infection
3.3. Changes in Viral Titer due to Formalin Treatment and Survival Rate of Fish after Vaccination
3.4. Proliferation of T Cells Expressing CD3, CD4-1, and CD4-2 In Vivo after Vaccination
3.4.1. CD3+ T Cells
3.4.2. CD4-1+ T Cells
3.4.3. CD4-2+ T Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chun, J.H.; Jung, J.W.; Kim, Y.R.; Lazarte, J.M.S.; Kim, S.W.; Kim, J.; Thompson, K.D.; Kim, H.J.; Jung, T.S. Poly (I:C)-Potentiated Vaccination Enhances T Cell Response in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Providing Protection against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV). Vaccines 2021, 9, 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050482
Chun JH, Jung JW, Kim YR, Lazarte JMS, Kim SW, Kim J, Thompson KD, Kim HJ, Jung TS. Poly (I:C)-Potentiated Vaccination Enhances T Cell Response in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Providing Protection against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV). Vaccines. 2021; 9(5):482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050482
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun, Jin Hong, Jae Wook Jung, Young Rim Kim, Jassy Mary S. Lazarte, Si Won Kim, Jaesung Kim, Kim D. Thompson, Hyoung Jun Kim, and Tae Sung Jung. 2021. "Poly (I:C)-Potentiated Vaccination Enhances T Cell Response in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Providing Protection against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV)" Vaccines 9, no. 5: 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050482