Weak Cross-Lineage Neutralization by Anti SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies after Natural Infection or Vaccination Is Rescued by Repeated Immunological Stimulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Virus Stocks
2.2. Cells and Cell Cultures
2.3. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vero E6 Cells
2.4. Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR
2.5. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assay
2.6. Antibody Binding Assay
2.7. Human Sera
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cross-Lineage Neutralizing Activity of Vaccine- and Infection-Induced Antibodies
3.2. Anamnestic Response
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Caucci, S.; Corvaro, B.; Tiano, S.M.L.; Valenza, A.; Longo, R.; Marinelli, K.; Ferreri, M.L.; Spiridigliozzi, P.; Salvoni, G.; Bagnarelli, P.; et al. Weak Cross-Lineage Neutralization by Anti SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies after Natural Infection or Vaccination Is Rescued by Repeated Immunological Stimulation. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101124
Caucci S, Corvaro B, Tiano SML, Valenza A, Longo R, Marinelli K, Ferreri ML, Spiridigliozzi P, Salvoni G, Bagnarelli P, et al. Weak Cross-Lineage Neutralization by Anti SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies after Natural Infection or Vaccination Is Rescued by Repeated Immunological Stimulation. Vaccines. 2021; 9(10):1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101124
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaucci, Sara, Benedetta Corvaro, Sofia Maria Luigia Tiano, Anna Valenza, Roberta Longo, Katia Marinelli, Monica Lucia Ferreri, Patrik Spiridigliozzi, Giovanna Salvoni, Patrizia Bagnarelli, and et al. 2021. "Weak Cross-Lineage Neutralization by Anti SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibodies after Natural Infection or Vaccination Is Rescued by Repeated Immunological Stimulation" Vaccines 9, no. 10: 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101124