An Overview of the Development of New Vaccines for Tuberculosis
1
Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040586
Received: 1 September 2020
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Revised: 16 September 2020
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Accepted: 2 October 2020
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Published: 5 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vaccine Development)
Currently, there is only one licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). Despite its protective efficacy against TB in children, BCG has failed to protect adults against pulmonary TB, lacks therapeutic value, and causes complications in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, it compromises the use of antigens present in the purified protein derivate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the diagnosis of TB. Many approaches, e.g., whole-cell organisms, subunit, and recombinant vaccines are currently being explored for safer and more efficacious TB vaccines than BCG. These approaches have been successful in developing a large number of vaccine candidates included in the TB vaccine pipeline and are at different stages of clinical trials in humans. This paper discusses current vaccination strategies, provides directions for the possible routes towards the development of new TB vaccines and highlights recent findings. The efforts for improved TB vaccines may lead to new licensed vaccines capable of replacing/supplementing BCG and conferring therapeutic value in patients with active/latent TB.
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Keywords:
vaccines; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; BCG; new vaccines
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MDPI and ACS Style
Whitlow, E.; Mustafa, A.S.; Hanif, S.N.M. An Overview of the Development of New Vaccines for Tuberculosis. Vaccines 2020, 8, 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040586
AMA Style
Whitlow E, Mustafa AS, Hanif SNM. An Overview of the Development of New Vaccines for Tuberculosis. Vaccines. 2020; 8(4):586. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040586
Chicago/Turabian StyleWhitlow, E., A. S. Mustafa, and S. N.M. Hanif. 2020. "An Overview of the Development of New Vaccines for Tuberculosis" Vaccines 8, no. 4: 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040586
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