Procurement of Category 2 Vaccines in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Analytical Methods and Comparisons
- (a)
- Provincial-level GPO purchasing vs. CDC-tiered purchasing;
- (b)
- Provincial-level GPO purchasing vs. Independent purchasing;Between-province GPO purchasing differences: vaccine prices from six provinces or provincial-level municipalities in China (Guangdong, Shanghai, Tianjin, Jiangxi, Chongqing, and Xinjiang) were compared.
- (c)
- Provincial-level GPO purchasing vs. International collective purchasing: vaccine pricing from UNICEF and other organizations was compared to Chinese provincial-level GPO vaccine prices.
2.3. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Provincial-Level GPO Scheme vs. CDC-Tiered Purchasing
3.2. Provincial-Level GPO Purchasing vs. Independent Purchasing
3.3. Between-Province GPO Purchasing Differences
3.4. Provincial-Level GPO Purchasing vs. International Collective Purchasing
4. Discussion
4.1. Changes in Category 2 Vaccine Procurement in China
4.2. Global Comparisons of Vaccine Prices
4.3. Strenghts and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vaccine | Guangdong | Shanghai | Tianjin | Jiangxi | Chongqing | Xinjiang | Highest/Lowest Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DTaP-Hib | 278.00 | 285.50 | 274.53 | 275.00 | - | 308.00 | 1.12 |
DTaP-IPV-Hib | 600.00 | 604.50 | - | 599.00 | 599.00 | - | 1.01 |
MenAC-Hib | 222.90 | 221.50 | 216.00 | - | - | 226.00 | 1.05 |
Rotavirus | 172.00 | 173.5 | - | 172.00 | - | 172.00 | 1.01 |
PCV13 | - | 703.50 | 698.00 | 698.00 | - | 698.00 | 1.01 |
HepE | 160.00 | 165.50 | - | 160.00 | - | - | 1.03 |
Hib | 84.98 | 91.46 | 91.71 | 80.66 | 95.27 | 85.86 | 1.18 |
Varicella | 134.75 | 144.95 | 138.93 | 136.54 | 136.00 | 140.63 | 1.08 |
PPSV23 | 192.25 | 197.50 | 189.61 | 191.00 | 200.00 | - | 1.05 |
EV71 | 178.00 | 193.50 | 184.26 | 174.67 | 168.00 | 184.67 | 1.15 |
HepA | 116.31 | 118.88 | 118.78 | 130.50 | 151.00 | 105.37 | 1.43 |
MenACYW135 | 60.88 | 64.83 | 64.00 | 56.45 | 56.00 | 64.71 | 1.16 |
Vaccine | UNICEF (2017) | Europe MICs (2013) | US CDC Public Sector Cost (December 2017) | Shanghai GPO (2018) 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hib | 23 RMB $3.40 1 | $4.03 | $9.46–$12.79 | 71–107 RMB $10.20–15.40 |
Rotavirus | 14–22 RMB $2.00–3.20 | $2.46–2.96 | $69.12–91.05 | 174 RMB $25.10 |
PCV13 | 23 RMB $3.30 | $3.53–41.28 | $126.97 | 704 RMB $102.00 |
HPV 2 | 31–32 RMB $4.50–4.60 | $53.97–93.40 | $154.28 | 587–804 RMB $84.90–116.40 |
Influenza | - | $2.73–14.29 | $13.55–15.68 | 26–56 RMB $3.70–8.00 |
Varicella | - | $17.35 | $92.72 | 142–155 RMB $20.50–22.50 |
DTaP-HepB-Hib | 6–10 RMB $0.80–1.40 | - | - | - |
DTaP-IPV-Hib | - | $7.98–16.56 | $56.74 | 600 RMB $87.00 |
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Zhuang, J.-L.; Wagner, A.L.; Laffoon, M.; Lu, Y.-H.; Jiang, Q.-W. Procurement of Category 2 Vaccines in China. Vaccines 2019, 7, 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030097
Zhuang J-L, Wagner AL, Laffoon M, Lu Y-H, Jiang Q-W. Procurement of Category 2 Vaccines in China. Vaccines. 2019; 7(3):97. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030097
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuang, Jian-Lin, Abram L. Wagner, Megan Laffoon, Yi-Han Lu, and Qing-Wu Jiang. 2019. "Procurement of Category 2 Vaccines in China" Vaccines 7, no. 3: 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030097
APA StyleZhuang, J. -L., Wagner, A. L., Laffoon, M., Lu, Y. -H., & Jiang, Q. -W. (2019). Procurement of Category 2 Vaccines in China. Vaccines, 7(3), 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030097