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Review

T-Regulatory Cells and Vaccination “Pay Attention and Do Not Neglect Them”: Lessons from HIV and Cancer Vaccine Trials

by
Vedran Brezar
1,2,3,
Véronique Godot
1,2,3,
Liang Cheng
4,
Lishan Su
4,
Yves Lévy
1,2,3,5 and
Nabila Seddiki
1,2,3,*
1
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, Equipe 16, Créteil 94000, France
2
Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil 94000, France
3
Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil 94000, France
4
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
5
AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor—A. Chenevier, Service d’immunologie clinique et maladies infectieuses, Créteil 94000, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2016, 4(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030030
Submission received: 15 June 2016 / Revised: 18 August 2016 / Accepted: 26 August 2016 / Published: 5 September 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue T Cell Memory to Vaccination)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Efficient vaccines are characterized by the establishment of long-lived memory T cells, including T-helper (effectors and follicular) and T-regulatory cells (Tregs). While the former induces cytotoxic or antibody responses, the latter regulates immune responses by maintaining homeostasis. The role of Tregs in inflammatory conditions is ambiguous and their systematic monitoring in vaccination along with effector T-cells is not instinctive. Recent studies from the cancer field clearly showed that Tregs suppress vaccine-induced immune responses and correlate with poor clinical benefit. In HIV infection, Tregs are needed during acute infection to preserve tissue integrity from an overwhelmed activation, but are not beneficial in chronic infection as they suppress anti-HIV responses. Current assays used to evaluate vaccine-induced specific responses are limited as they do not take into account antigen-specific Tregs. However, new assays, such as the OX40 assay, which allow for the simultaneous detection of a full range of Th-responses including antigen-specific Tregs responses, can overcome these issues. In this review article we will revise the role of Tregs in vaccination and review the recent work performed in the field, including the available tools to monitor them, from novel assays to humanized mouse models.
Keywords: memory cell; Tregs; HIV; vaccine; DC-based vaccine; OX40; CD25; CD39; hu-mice memory cell; Tregs; HIV; vaccine; DC-based vaccine; OX40; CD25; CD39; hu-mice

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MDPI and ACS Style

Brezar, V.; Godot, V.; Cheng, L.; Su, L.; Lévy, Y.; Seddiki, N. T-Regulatory Cells and Vaccination “Pay Attention and Do Not Neglect Them”: Lessons from HIV and Cancer Vaccine Trials. Vaccines 2016, 4, 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030030

AMA Style

Brezar V, Godot V, Cheng L, Su L, Lévy Y, Seddiki N. T-Regulatory Cells and Vaccination “Pay Attention and Do Not Neglect Them”: Lessons from HIV and Cancer Vaccine Trials. Vaccines. 2016; 4(3):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030030

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brezar, Vedran, Véronique Godot, Liang Cheng, Lishan Su, Yves Lévy, and Nabila Seddiki. 2016. "T-Regulatory Cells and Vaccination “Pay Attention and Do Not Neglect Them”: Lessons from HIV and Cancer Vaccine Trials" Vaccines 4, no. 3: 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030030

APA Style

Brezar, V., Godot, V., Cheng, L., Su, L., Lévy, Y., & Seddiki, N. (2016). T-Regulatory Cells and Vaccination “Pay Attention and Do Not Neglect Them”: Lessons from HIV and Cancer Vaccine Trials. Vaccines, 4(3), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030030

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