The IL-8/IL-8R Axis: A Double Agent in Tumor Immune Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The IL-8/IL-8R Axis in Inflammation and Tissue Injury
3. The IL-8/IL-8R Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment
3.1. IL-8 and Neutrophils
3.2. IL-8 and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
4. IL-8 and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
4.1. The EMT and IL-8 Positive Feedback Loop
4.2. IL-8 and Cancer Stem Cells
4.3. IL-8 and EMT-Associated Resistance to Immune Killing
5. IL-8-Targeting Immunotherapy
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CSC | cancer stem cell |
CXCL | cysteine-X-cysteine ligand |
CXCR | cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor |
CTL | cytotoxic T lymphocyte |
EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
FAK | focal-adhesion kinase |
IL | interleukin |
IL-8R | interleukin-8 receptor |
JAK | Janus kinase |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MDSC | myeloid-derived suppressor cell |
MUC1-C | mucin 1 C-terminal subunit |
NK | natural killer cell |
PI3K | phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase |
PKC | protein kinase C |
PLC | phospholipase C |
PPP | palmoplantar pustulosis |
STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
Treg | T regulatory cell |
TAN | tumor-associated neutrophil |
TME | tumor microenvironment |
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David, J.M.; Dominguez, C.; Hamilton, D.H.; Palena, C. The IL-8/IL-8R Axis: A Double Agent in Tumor Immune Resistance. Vaccines 2016, 4, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030022
David JM, Dominguez C, Hamilton DH, Palena C. The IL-8/IL-8R Axis: A Double Agent in Tumor Immune Resistance. Vaccines. 2016; 4(3):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030022
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid, Justin M., Charli Dominguez, Duane H. Hamilton, and Claudia Palena. 2016. "The IL-8/IL-8R Axis: A Double Agent in Tumor Immune Resistance" Vaccines 4, no. 3: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4030022