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Review

Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on

by
Maria Mironova
and
Marc G. Ghany
*
Clinical Hepatology Research Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1800, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040439
Submission received: 1 March 2024 / Revised: 9 April 2024 / Accepted: 11 April 2024 / Published: 18 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccines)

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus is a substantial contributor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. Vaccination is the most effective method for prevention of hepatitis B and its associated morbidity and mortality, and the only method to prevent infection with hepatitis D virus. The hepatitis B vaccine has been used worldwide for more than four decades; it is available in a single- or triple-antigen form and in combination with vaccines against other infections. Introduction of the vaccine and administration at birth led to sustained decline in mother-to-child transmission, chronic hepatitis B, and HCC, however, global birth dose coverage remains suboptimal. In this review we will discuss different hepatitis B vaccine formulations and schedules, vaccination guidelines, durability of the response, and vaccine escape mutants, as well as the clinical and economic benefits of vaccination.
Keywords: hepatitis B virus; hepatitis D virus; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver transplant; vaccination guidelines; birth dose vaccination hepatitis B virus; hepatitis D virus; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver transplant; vaccination guidelines; birth dose vaccination

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mironova, M.; Ghany, M.G. Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on. Vaccines 2024, 12, 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040439

AMA Style

Mironova M, Ghany MG. Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on. Vaccines. 2024; 12(4):439. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040439

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mironova, Maria, and Marc G. Ghany. 2024. "Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on" Vaccines 12, no. 4: 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040439

APA Style

Mironova, M., & Ghany, M. G. (2024). Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on. Vaccines, 12(4), 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040439

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