Evaluation of a Vaccine Candidate Designed for Broad-Spectrum Protection against Type A Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Asia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells and Viruses
2.2. Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Subcloning
2.3. Virus Recovery and Cell Culture
2.4. Virus Replication and Purification
2.5. Preparation of the Experimental Vaccines
2.6. Vaccination and Viral Challenge in Mice
2.7. Vaccination and Viral Challenge in Pigs
2.8. The Immunogenicity of the Candidate Vaccine in Pigs
2.9. Detection of Antibodies against Structural Proteins
2.10. Virus-Neutralization Test (VNT)
2.11. Virus Detection in Vaccinated and Challenged Pigs
2.12. Statistical Analysis
2.13. Ethics Statement
3. Results
3.1. Construction of Chimeric Viruses
3.2. The Apo22 and Apo22-B Vaccines Protected Mice against Challenge with Type A Viruses
3.3. The Apo22-B Vaccine Completely Protected Pigs against Challenge with Type A Viruses
3.4. Comparison of Virus-Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Apo22-B-Vaccinated Pigs after Challenge with Type A Viruses
3.5. Comparison of Virus-Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Vaccinated Pigs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vaccine Candidates | Challenge Viruses (PD50) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
G1 (A/POC/2010) | G2 (A/GP/2018) | A22 Iraq | GVII (A/NEP/2017) | |
Apo22 | >128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 | 73.5 |
Apo22-B | >128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 | 97.0 |
Group (Cage) | No. of Animal | Experimental Group | Challenge Virus (1 × 105 TCID50/0.1 mL) | Days of Blood Collection (dpc) | Days of Oral Swab Collection (dpc) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (1) | 4 | Apo22-B | A/POC/2010 | −28, −21, −14, −7, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 | If symptoms were observed after the challenge, they were isolated in empty cage. |
2 (1) | 2 | Negative group | ||||
3 (2) | 4 | Apo22-B | A/GP/2018 | |||
4 (2) | 2 | Negative group | ||||
5 (3) | 4 | Apo22-B | A/NEP/2017 | −28, −21, −14, −7, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | |
6 (3) | 2 | Negative group |
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Shin, S.H.; Hwang, S.Y.; Kim, H.-M.; Shin, S.H.; Ko, M.-K.; Lee, M.J.; Kim, S.-M.; Park, J.-H. Evaluation of a Vaccine Candidate Designed for Broad-Spectrum Protection against Type A Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Asia. Vaccines 2024, 12, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010064
Shin SH, Hwang SY, Kim H-M, Shin SH, Ko M-K, Lee MJ, Kim S-M, Park J-H. Evaluation of a Vaccine Candidate Designed for Broad-Spectrum Protection against Type A Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Asia. Vaccines. 2024; 12(1):64. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010064
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Sung Ho, Seong Yun Hwang, Hyun-Mi Kim, Se Hee Shin, Mi-Kyeong Ko, Min Ja Lee, Su-Mi Kim, and Jong-Hyeon Park. 2024. "Evaluation of a Vaccine Candidate Designed for Broad-Spectrum Protection against Type A Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Asia" Vaccines 12, no. 1: 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010064
APA StyleShin, S. H., Hwang, S. Y., Kim, H.-M., Shin, S. H., Ko, M.-K., Lee, M. J., Kim, S.-M., & Park, J.-H. (2024). Evaluation of a Vaccine Candidate Designed for Broad-Spectrum Protection against Type A Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Asia. Vaccines, 12(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010064