Are People Willing to Take Regular COVID-19 Vaccines? Prevalence and Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination: A Random Population-Based Survey in Hong Kong
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Sample, and Ethical Considerations
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Measures
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Hesitancy of Regular COVID-19 Vaccination
3.3. Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination
3.3.1. Bivariate Analysis
3.3.2. Multivariate Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | % | n | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Education level | ||||
Male | 571 | 47.1 | Primary or below | 226 | 18.8 |
Female | 642 | 52.9 | Secondary | 558 | 46.2 |
College or above | 422 | 35.0 | |||
Age group | Employment | ||||
18–24 | 85 | 8.1 | Unemployed | 587 | 48.6 |
25–34 | 144 | 13.7 | Employed | 620 | 51.4 |
35–44 | 193 | 18.5 | Health condition | ||
45–54 | 164 | 15.7 | Good | 730 | 60.3 |
55–64 | 176 | 16.9 | Fair | 407 | 33.6 |
65–74 | 190 | 18.2 | bad | 73 | 6.1 |
≥75 | 93 | 8.9 | Chronic illness | ||
Age | No | 834 | 68.8 | ||
M (P25, P75) | 50 (36, 65) | Yes | 379 | 31.2 |
Factors | Regular Vaccination | χ2/Z | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No/Not Sure | Yes | ||||
Sociodemographics | |||||
Gender | Male | 240 (42.2) | 329 (57.8) | 0.311 | 0.577 |
Female | 281 (43.8) | 361 (56.2) | |||
Age | 18–44 | 218 (51.7) | 204 (48.3) | 41.661 | <0.001 |
45–64 | 127 (37.5) | 212 (62.5) | |||
≥65 | 79 (27.9) | 204 (72.1) | |||
Education level | Primary or below | 71 (31.4) | 155 (68.6) | 28.537 | <0.001 |
Secondary | 227 (40.8) | 329 (59.2) | |||
College or above | 221 (52.4) | 201 (47.6) | |||
Employment | Unemployed | 237 (40.4) | 349 (59.6) | 2.820 | 0.093 |
Employed | 280 (45.2) | 339 (54.8) | |||
Health conditions | |||||
Perceived health status | Good | 208 (38.5) | 448 (61.5) | 14.900 | <0.001 |
Fair/bad | 239 (49.7) | 242 (50.3) | |||
Chronic illness | No | 383 (46.0) | 450 (54.0) | 9.728 | 0.002 |
Yes | 138 (36.4) | 241 (63.6) | |||
Experiences | |||||
SARS-CoV-2 infection | No | 342 (41.1) | 491 (58.9) | 8.179 | 0.017 |
Yes | 152 (45.4) | 183 (54.6) | |||
Probably | 26 (61.9) | 16 (38.1) | |||
COVID-19 vaccination doses | Zero | 64 (86.5) | 10 (13.5) | 173.685 | <0.001 |
One | 42 (67.7) | 20 (32.3) | |||
Two | 264 (54.8) | 218 (45.2) | |||
Three | 151 (25.5) | 441 (74.5) | |||
COVID-19 vaccination side effects | None | 197 (33.7) | 388 (66.3) | 25.939 | <0.001 |
Mild to moderate | 228 (45.2) | 276 (54.8) | |||
Moderate to severe | 26 (65.0) | 14 (35.0) | |||
Flu vaccination | No | 301 (48.9) | 314 (51.1) | 60.632 | <0.001 |
Yes | 212 (36.4) | 370 (63.6) | |||
Attitudes | |||||
Vaccine confidence | 13 (10, 16) | 16 (14, 18) | −15.177 | <0.001 | |
Better ways for prevention than vaccines | 4 (3, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 9.665 | <0.001 | |
Perceived knowledge sufficiency | 3 (3, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | −10.915 | <0.001 | |
Perceived severity of infection | 2 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 3) | −2.098 | 0.036 | |
Vaccine availability in health centers | 4 (3, 4) | 4 (4, 5) | −8.618 | <0.001 | |
Trust in pharmaceutical companies | 3 (2, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | −11.824 | <0.001 | |
Trust in government | 0–33 | 181 (76.7) | 55 (23.3) | 204.240 | <0.001 |
34–67 | 223 (46.9) | 252 (53.1) | |||
68–100 | 103 (21.4) | 378 (78.6) | |||
Follow government advice | Personal choice | 339 (69.9) | 146 (30.1) | 63.675 | <0.001 |
Civic duty | 302 (46.2) | 352 (53.8) | |||
Attitude toward new vaccine | First to get | 14 (2.7) | 105 (82.3) | 86.725 | <0.001 |
Wait and see | 441 (44.0) | 561 (56.0) | |||
Refuse | 59 (78.7) | 16 (21.3) |
Factors | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||||
Gender | Male | Reference | ||
Female | 1.50 | 1.02–2.20 | 0.040 | |
Age | ≥65 | Reference | ||
45–64 | 2.53 | 1.23–5.18 | 0.011 | |
18–44 | 2.68 | 1.24–5.79 | 0.012 | |
Education level | Primary or below | Reference | ||
Secondary | 1.41 | 0.70–2.82 | 0.332 | |
College or above | 1.56 | 0.72–3.37 | 0.258 | |
Employment | Unemployed | Reference | ||
Employed | 0.84 | 0.55–1.29 | 0.424 | |
Health conditions | ||||
Perceived health status | Good | Reference | ||
Fair/bad | 1.78 | 1.17–2.73 | 0.008 | |
Chronic illness | No | Reference | ||
Yes | 1.21 | 0.73–2.01 | 0.468 | |
Experiences | ||||
COVID-19 vaccination doses | 0.39 | 0.27–0.57 | <0.001 | |
COVID-19 vaccination side effects | None | Reference | ||
Mild to moderate | 1.07 | 0.72–1.59 | 0.748 | |
Moderate to severe | 1.63 | 0.40–6.59 | 0.492 | |
SARS-CoV-2 infection | No | Reference | ||
Yes | 0.69 | 0.43–1.10 | 0.118 | |
Flu vaccination | No | Reference | ||
Yes | 0.76 | 0.52–1.12 | 0.171 | |
Attitudes | ||||
Vaccine confidence | 0.89 | 0.82–0.96 | 0.003 | |
Better ways for prevention than vaccines | 1.18 | 1.00–1.40 | 0.048 | |
Perceived knowledge sufficiency | 1.05 | 0.82–1.34 | 0.704 | |
Perceived severity of infection | 0.78 | 0.63–0.97 | 0.026 | |
Vaccine availability in health centers | 0.76 | 0.60–0.96 | 0.023 | |
Trust in pharmaceutical companies | 0.62 | 0.49–0.79 | <0.001 | |
Trust in government | 0–33 | Reference | ||
34–67 | 0.53 | 0.29–0.96 | 0.035 | |
68–100 | 0.44 | 0.23–0.84 | 0.013 | |
Follow government advice | Personal choice | Reference | ||
Civic duty | 0.66 | 0.45–0.98 | 0.040 | |
Attitude toward a new vaccine | First to get | Reference | ||
Wait and see | 1.28 | 0.59–2.78 | 0.536 | |
Refuse | 1.86 | 0.46–7.53 | 0.385 |
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Share and Cite
Li, Y.; Li, M.; Yang, L.; Bressington, D.; Leung, S.-F.; Xie, Y.-J.; Qin, J.; Molasiotis, A.; Leung, A.Y.M. Are People Willing to Take Regular COVID-19 Vaccines? Prevalence and Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination: A Random Population-Based Survey in Hong Kong. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081388
Li Y, Li M, Yang L, Bressington D, Leung S-F, Xie Y-J, Qin J, Molasiotis A, Leung AYM. Are People Willing to Take Regular COVID-19 Vaccines? Prevalence and Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination: A Random Population-Based Survey in Hong Kong. Vaccines. 2023; 11(8):1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081388
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yan, Mengqi Li, Lin Yang, Daniel Bressington, Sau-Fong Leung, Yao-Jie Xie, Jing Qin, Alex Molasiotis, and Angela Y. M. Leung. 2023. "Are People Willing to Take Regular COVID-19 Vaccines? Prevalence and Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination: A Random Population-Based Survey in Hong Kong" Vaccines 11, no. 8: 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081388
APA StyleLi, Y., Li, M., Yang, L., Bressington, D., Leung, S. -F., Xie, Y. -J., Qin, J., Molasiotis, A., & Leung, A. Y. M. (2023). Are People Willing to Take Regular COVID-19 Vaccines? Prevalence and Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination: A Random Population-Based Survey in Hong Kong. Vaccines, 11(8), 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081388