Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Serum Samples
2.2. HBV Testing
2.3. HBV Sequence Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Frequency of HBV Infection in General Population
3.2. Vaccine-Induced Humoral HBV Immunity
3.3. Prevalence of HBV Genotypes, Serotypes, and Vaccine-Escape Variants
3.4. Comparison of Population Dynamics of Wild-Type HBV and Immune Escape Variants
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Region | Reactive for HBsAg, % (95% CI) | Reactive for Anti-HBc, % (95% CI) | Reactive for Anti-HBs, but Non-Reactive for Anti-HBc, % (95% CI) | Non-Reactive for Either Anti-HBs or Anti-HBc, % (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kaliningrad Region | 0.4% (0.1–1.0%) | 17.1% (15.0–19.5%) * | 27.0% (24.4–29.7%) * | 57.5% (54.5–60.5%) * |
St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region | 0.4% (0.2–0.6%) | 10.2% (9.4–11.1%) | 40.4% (39.1–41.7%) | 49.4% (48.1–50.7%) * |
Republic of Dagestan | 2.4% (2.0–2.9%) * | 23.1% (21.9–24.3%) * | 29.8% (28.5–31.1%) * | 47.1% (45.7–48.5%) |
Moscow and Moscow Region | 0.4% (0.3–0.5%) | 11.3% (10.6–12.0%) | 37.5% (36.5–38.5%) | 51.1% (50.0–52.2%) * |
Republic of Tatarstan | 0.2% (0.1–0.9%) | 11.5% (9.5–13.9%) | 37.1% (33.8–40.4%) | 51.0% (47.6–54.4%) * |
Sverdlovsk Region | 0.6% (0.3–1.4%) | 16.5% (14.2–19.0%) | 27.7% (24.9–30.7%) * | 55.9% (52.7–59.1%) * |
Tuva Republic | 1.2% (0.7–2.1%) | 31.7% (29.1–34.5%) * | 22.0% (19.6–24.5%) * | 46.0% (43.1–49.0%) |
Novosibirsk Region | 0.8% (0.6–1.0%) | 11.8% (11.1–12.5%) | 46.7% (45.6–47.8%) | 41.5% (40.4–42.6%) |
Khabarovsk Region | 0.7% (0.5–0.9%) | 14.1% (13.2–15.0%) | 47.3% (45.9–48.7%) | 38.7% (37.4–40.0%) |
National average | 0.8% (0.7–0.9%) | 14.2% (13.8–14.5%) | 39.4% (38.9–39.9%) | 46.5% (46.0–47.0%) |
Study Region | Year of Sample Collection and Number of HBV Sequences, n | HBV Genotypes/ Serotypes, n (%) | aa Substitutions in HBsAg Associated with Immune Escape | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aa Substitution * | Number of Sequences Carrying aa Substitution | The Proportion of Sequences with aa Substitution | ||||||
Per HBV Genotype ** | Total per Region ** | Total per HBV Genotype, Excluding aa Substitutions in Position 118 ** | Total per Region, Excluding aa Substitutions in Position 118 ** | |||||
Moscow Region | 2008–2010, n = 55 | A/ad, n = 3 (5.5%) | n.d. | 0 | 0/3 | 0/3 | ||
D/ay, n = 52 (94.5%) | T118A/V/M | 6/5/1 | 18/52 (34.6%) | 18/55 (32.7%) | 6/52 (11.5%) | 6/55 (10.1%) | ||
P120Q | 1 | |||||||
T131I/P | 3/1 | |||||||
D144E | 1 | |||||||
2020, n = 136 | A/ad, n = 11 (8.1%) | G130N | 1 | 1/11 | 1/11 | |||
D/ay, n = 125 (91.9%) | T118A/V | 21/11 | 44/125 (35.2%) | 45/136 (33.1%) | 12/125 (9.6%) | 13/136 (9.6%) | ||
P120Q | 1 | |||||||
Q129H/L/P | 1/2 | |||||||
G130R/S | 1/1 | |||||||
T131I/N | 1/1 | |||||||
M133T/I | 3 | |||||||
G145R | 1 | |||||||
Tuva Republic | 2008, n = 76 | A/ad, n = 2 (2.6%) | M133T | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | ||
D/ay, n = 74 (97.4%) | T118A | 13 | 19/74 (25.7%) | 20/76 (26.3%) ▪ | 6/74 (8.1%) | 7/76 (9.2%) | ||
P120T | 1 | |||||||
T131N | 1 | |||||||
M133L/K/I | 1/2 | |||||||
G145S | 1 | |||||||
2021, n = 49 | A/ad, n = 2 (4.1%) | n.d. | 0 | 0/2 | 0/2 | |||
D/ay, n = 47 (95.9%) | T118A | 19 | 22/47 (46.8%) | 22/49 (44.9%)▪ | 3/47 (6.4%) | 3/49 (6.1%) | ||
P120S | 3 | |||||||
Sakha Republic (Yakutia) | 1997–2009, n = 58 | A/ad, n = 33 (56.9%) | T126S | 2 | 4/33 (12.1%) | 4/33 (12.1%) | ||
M133T | 2 | |||||||
C/ad, n = 2 (3.4%) | n.d. | 0 | 0/2 | 0/2 | ||||
D/ay, n = 23 (39.7%) | T118A | 2 | 7/23 (30.4%) | 11/58 (19.0%) | 5/23 (21.7%) | 9/58 (15.5%) | ||
T118A+P120I | 1 | |||||||
P120S/T | 2 | |||||||
M133T | 1 | |||||||
K141Q | 1 | |||||||
2018–2022, n = 231 | A/ad, n = 94 (40.7%) | P120T | 1 | 7/94 (7.4%) ▪▪ | 36/231 (15.6%) | 7/94 (7.4%) | 14/231 (6.1%) | |
Q129R | 1 | |||||||
Q129P | 1 | |||||||
G130N | 1 | |||||||
M133T | 2 | |||||||
C/ad, n = 21 (9.1%) | M133I | 1 | 1/21 (4.8%) | 1/21 (4.8%) | ||||
D/ay, n = 116 (50.2%) | T118A/V | 19/4 | 29/116 (25.0%) ▪▪ | 6/116 (5.2%) | ||||
T118A+Q130R | 1 | |||||||
T118M+ P120S | 1 | |||||||
P120S | 1 | |||||||
G130N+T131H | 1 | |||||||
T131I/P | 1/1 | |||||||
Khabarovsk Region | 2008, n = 16 | D/ay, n = 16 (100%) | T118A/V | 1/2 | 4/16 (25%) | 4/16 (25%) | 0/16 (0%) | 0/16 (0%) |
2021, n = 65 | A/ad, n = 7 (10.8%) | n.d. | 0 | 0/7 | 0/7 | |||
C/ad, n = 2 (3.1%) | n.d. | 0 | 0/2 | 0/2 | ||||
D/ay, n = 56 (86.1%) | T118A/V | 7/2 | 18/56 (32.1%) | 18/65 (27.7%) | 9/56 (16.1%) | 9/65 (13.8%) | ||
T118A+G130A | 1 | |||||||
P120S | 1 | |||||||
T123I | 1 | |||||||
T126N+D144E | 1 | |||||||
G130S | 1 | |||||||
T131N | 1 | |||||||
M133S/T | 3 |
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Asadi Mobarkhan, F.A.; Manuylov, V.A.; Karlsen, A.A.; Kichatova, V.S.; Potemkin, I.A.; Lopatukhina, M.A.; Isaeva, O.V.; Mullin, E.V.; Mazunina, E.P.; Bykonia, E.N.; et al. Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination. Vaccines 2023, 11, 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020430
Asadi Mobarkhan FA, Manuylov VA, Karlsen AA, Kichatova VS, Potemkin IA, Lopatukhina MA, Isaeva OV, Mullin EV, Mazunina EP, Bykonia EN, et al. Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination. Vaccines. 2023; 11(2):430. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020430
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsadi Mobarkhan, Fedor A., Victor A. Manuylov, Anastasia A. Karlsen, Vera S. Kichatova, Ilya A. Potemkin, Maria A. Lopatukhina, Olga V. Isaeva, Eugeniy V. Mullin, Elena P. Mazunina, Evgeniia N. Bykonia, and et al. 2023. "Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination" Vaccines 11, no. 2: 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020430