Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Search Terms | Number of Relevant Articles Found |
---|---|
Title contains alcohol OR cannabis OR opioid* OR opiate* OR substance* OR drug OR meth* OR nicotine* OR heroin OR morphine OR cocaine OR oxy* AND abuse OR addict* OR misuse OR disorder* AND vaccin* OR immunotherap* OR “human studies” AND Title does NOT contain hepatitis OR HIV OR gonadotropin OR SARS* OR cancer OR HBV OR COVID* OR mice OR rat* OR rodent* OR multiple sclerosis OR paraneoplastic OR sex OR influenza | 40 |
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Drug | NCT Number | Study Completion Date | Study Type | Phase | Multicenter? | Intervention | Randomized? | Placebo Controlled? | Blinding? | Number of Enrolled Subjects | Defined Secondary Measures? | Status * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nicotine | NCT01318668 | June 2012 | Interventional (crossover assignment) | 1, 2 | N | NicVAX | Y | Y | N | 38 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00218413 | August 2006 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | N | NicVAX | N | N | N | 51 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00995033 | September 2012 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | Y | NicVAX | Y | Y | Double | 558 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00598325 | October 2010 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 1, 2 | N | NicVAX | N | N | N | 74 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00318383 | December 2007 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | Y | NicVAX | Y | Y | Double | 313 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00996034 | February 2011 | Interventional (single-group assignment) | 2 | N | NicVAX | N | N | N | 14 | N | c |
Nicotine | NCT01304810 | August 2011 | Observational (cohort) | 3 | Y | NicVAX | Y | Y | Double | 300 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT01102114 | November 2011 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 3 | Y | NicVAX | Y | Y | Double | 1000 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00836199 | July 2011 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 3 | Y | NicVAX | Y | Y | Double | 1000 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT01478893 | March 2013 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 1 | N | SEL-068 | Y | Y | Double | 82 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT01672645 | December 2015 | Interventional ** | 1 | N | NIC7-001 and NIC7-003 | Y | Y | Double | 277 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00736047 | October 2009 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | Y | NIC002 | Y | Y | Double | 200 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT01280968 | April 2013 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | N | NIC002 | Y | Y | N | 52 | N | c |
Nicotine | NCT00369616 | October 2005 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | N | CYT002-NicQb | Y | Y | N | 341 | Y | c |
Nicotine | NCT00633321 | February 2009 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | Y | TA-NIC | Y | Y | Double | 522 | Y | c |
Cocaine | NCT00965263 | August 2009 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | N | TA-CD | Y | N | N | 15 | Y | c |
Cocaine | NCT00142857 | July 2014 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | Y | TA-CD | Y | Y | Double | 115 | Y | c |
Cocaine | NCT00969878 | July 2014 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 3 | Y | TA-CD | Y | Y | Double | 300 | Y | c |
Cocaine | NCT01846481 | June 2013 | Interventional (crossover assignment) | 2 | N | RBP-8000 | Y | Y | Double | 40 | Y | c |
Cocaine | NCT01887366 | October 2014 | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 2 | Y | TV-1380 | Y | Y | Double | 208 | Y | c |
Cocaine | NCT02455479 | December 2025 *** | Interventional (sequential assignment) | 1 | N | dAd5GNE | Y | Y | Double | 30 | Y | r |
Methamphetamine | NCT01603147 | July 2013 | Interventional (single group assignment) | 1 | N | Ch-mAb7F9 | Y | Y | Double | 42 | Y | c |
Multivalent opioids | NCT04458545 | December 2023 *** | Interventional (parallel assignment) | 1A/1B | Y | Oxy(Gly)4-sKLH | Y | Y | N | 45 | N | r |
Drug of Abuse | Vaccine | Hapten | Carrier | Adjuvant | Trial Phase(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nicotine | NicVAX | 3′Amimomethylnicotine | Pseudomonas aeruginosa rEPA | Alum | 1, 2, 3 |
SEL-068 | Nicotine | Proprietary polymer nanoparticle | T-cell-targeting peptide and TLR agonist | 1 | |
NIC7-001 and NIC7-003 | 5-Aminoethoxy-nicotine and * | Cross-reactive material | Alum | 1 | |
NIC002 | O-succinyl-3′-hydroxymethylnicotine | VLP from bacteriophage Qß | Alum | 2 | |
CYT002-NICQb | Nicotine | VLP from bacteriophage Qß | * | 2 | |
TA-NIC | Nicotine N1-butyric acid | rCTB | Alum | 2 | |
Cocaine | TA-CD | Succinyl norcocaine | rCTB | Alum | 2, 3 |
RBP-8000 100 and 200 mg | N/A; metabolizing enzyme therapy | 2 | |||
TV-1380 150 and 300 mg | N/A; metabolizing enzyme therapy | 2 | |||
dAd5GNE Vaccine | GNE-cocaine | Disrupted adenovirus | Proprietary adjuvant | 1 | |
Methamphetamine | Ch-mAB7f9 | N/A; chimeric monoclonal antibody | 1 | ||
Opioids | Oxy(Gly)4-sKLH | Oxycodone-based | Keyhole limpet hemocyanin | Alum | 1 |
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Bloom, B.T.; Bushell, M.-J. Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet? Vaccines 2022, 10, 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060860
Bloom BT, Bushell M-J. Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet? Vaccines. 2022; 10(6):860. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060860
Chicago/Turabian StyleBloom, Benedict T., and Mary-Jessimine Bushell. 2022. "Vaccines against Drug Abuse—Are We There Yet?" Vaccines 10, no. 6: 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060860