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Exploring the Association between Misinformation Endorsement, Opinions on the Government Response, Risk Perception, and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the US, Canada, and Italy
 
 
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Volume 10
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10.3390/vaccines10050672
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Review

Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review

by
Alina Delia Popa
1,†,
Armand Iustinian Enache
1,†,
Iolanda Valentina Popa
1,*,
Sabina Antonela Antoniu
1,2,
Raluca Alina Dragomir
1 and
Alexandru Burlacu
1,3
1
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
2
Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, 700115 Iasi, Romania
3
Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672
Submission received: 15 March 2022 / Revised: 14 April 2022 / Accepted: 22 April 2022 / Published: 23 April 2022
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Abstract

Herd immunity is necessary to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, a low proportion of vaccinated people and low levels of vaccine acceptance have been noted in Eastern Europe. Our paper aimed to review the central attitudes associated with the hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination specific to Eastern European countries. The main Eastern European determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance identified from the included studies are: public confidence in the vaccines’ safety and efficacy, vaccine literacy, and public trust in the government and the medical system. Each of these determinants is discussed along with possible improvement measures. Variables specific to Eastern Europe that predict the willingness to vaccinate have also been highlighted. The specific attitudes and their context as identified by our review should be incorporated into local public health programs, with the ultimate goal of reducing viral spreading, mutation emergence, and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality both within the borders of Eastern Europe and beyond.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine hesitancy; vaccination rate; Eastern Europe COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine hesitancy; vaccination rate; Eastern Europe

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MDPI and ACS Style

Popa, A.D.; Enache, A.I.; Popa, I.V.; Antoniu, S.A.; Dragomir, R.A.; Burlacu, A. Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review. Vaccines 2022, 10, 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672

AMA Style

Popa AD, Enache AI, Popa IV, Antoniu SA, Dragomir RA, Burlacu A. Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review. Vaccines. 2022; 10(5):672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672

Chicago/Turabian Style

Popa, Alina Delia, Armand Iustinian Enache, Iolanda Valentina Popa, Sabina Antonela Antoniu, Raluca Alina Dragomir, and Alexandru Burlacu. 2022. "Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review" Vaccines 10, no. 5: 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672

APA Style

Popa, A. D., Enache, A. I., Popa, I. V., Antoniu, S. A., Dragomir, R. A., & Burlacu, A. (2022). Determinants of the Hesitancy toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Eastern European Countries and the Relationship with Health and Vaccine Literacy: A Literature Review. Vaccines, 10(5), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050672

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