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Vaccines
Volume 10
Issue 2
10.3390/vaccines10020236
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Review

SARS-CoV-2–Specific Vaccine Candidates; the Contribution of Structural Vaccinology

by
Su Min Pack
and
Peter J. Peters
*
The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2022, 10(2), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020236
Submission received: 31 December 2021 / Revised: 27 January 2022 / Accepted: 1 February 2022 / Published: 3 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Structural Vaccinology)
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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine production has taken us by storm. We aim to fill in the history of concepts and the work of pioneers and provide a framework of strategies employing structural vaccinology. Cryo-electron microscopy became crucial in providing three-dimensional (3D) structures and creating candidates eliciting T and B cell-mediated immunity. It also determined structural changes in the emerging mutants in order to design new constructs that can be easily, quickly and safely added to the vaccines. The full-length spike (S) protein, the S1 subunit and its receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus are the best candidates. The vaccine development to cease this COVID-19 pandemic sets a milestone for the pan-coronavirus vaccine’s designing and manufacturing. By employing structural vaccinology, we propose that the mRNA and the protein sequences of the currently approved vaccines should be modified rapidly to keep up with the more infectious new variants.
Keywords: structural vaccinology; COVID-19; vaccine; SARS-CoV-2; modern vaccine; S protein; S1 subunit; S2 subunit; pan-coronavirus vaccine; broad-spectrum vaccine; nucleic acid vaccine; recombinant protein vaccine; mRNA vaccine; vectored vaccine; receptor binding domain structural vaccinology; COVID-19; vaccine; SARS-CoV-2; modern vaccine; S protein; S1 subunit; S2 subunit; pan-coronavirus vaccine; broad-spectrum vaccine; nucleic acid vaccine; recombinant protein vaccine; mRNA vaccine; vectored vaccine; receptor binding domain

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pack, S.M.; Peters, P.J. SARS-CoV-2–Specific Vaccine Candidates; the Contribution of Structural Vaccinology. Vaccines 2022, 10, 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020236

AMA Style

Pack SM, Peters PJ. SARS-CoV-2–Specific Vaccine Candidates; the Contribution of Structural Vaccinology. Vaccines. 2022; 10(2):236. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020236

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pack, Su Min, and Peter J. Peters. 2022. "SARS-CoV-2–Specific Vaccine Candidates; the Contribution of Structural Vaccinology" Vaccines 10, no. 2: 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020236

APA Style

Pack, S. M., & Peters, P. J. (2022). SARS-CoV-2–Specific Vaccine Candidates; the Contribution of Structural Vaccinology. Vaccines, 10(2), 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020236

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