Prospective Evaluation of Side-Effects Following the First Dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Settings
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Instrument and Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Reported COVID-19 Vaccine Side-Effects
3.3. Associations of the Reported COVID-19 Vaccine Side-Effects
3.4. Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with the Reported COVID-19 Vaccine Side-Effects
3.5. Duration and Management of the Reported COVID-19 Vaccine Side-Effects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age group (years) | 20–30 | 169 (38.7) |
31–40 | 202 (46.2) | |
41–50 | 50 (11.4) | |
>50 | 16 (3.7) | |
Nationality | Saudi | 187 (42.8) |
Non-Saudi | 250 (57.2) | |
Gender | Females | 283 (64.8) |
Males | 154 (35.2) | |
Marital Status | Married | 250 (57.2) |
Single | 187 (42.8) | |
Residence | Jazan | 378 (86.5) |
Sabia | 29 (6.6) | |
Abu Arish | 30 (6.9) | |
Occupation | Nurse | 167 (38.2) |
Medical record professional | 61 (14.0) | |
Administrative professional | 52 (11.9) | |
Workers (such as cleaning staff, drivers, storekeepers) | 45 (10.3) | |
Physician | 39 (8.9) | |
Technician—medical | 37 (8.5) | |
Security | 18 (4.1) | |
Technician—nonmedical | 16 (3.7) | |
Pharmacist | 2 (0.5) | |
Diagnosed previously with COVID-19 | Yes | 55 (12.6) |
No | 382 (87.4) | |
History of chronic diseases | DM and hypertension | 3 (0.7) |
No | 434 (99.3) |
Symptoms | Male (n = 90) | Female (n = 160) | Total (n = 250) | χ2 (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pain or redness at the site of injection | 72 (80.0) | 128 (80.0) | 200 (80.0) | 0.001 (0.999) |
Fever | 65 (72.2) | 118 (73.8) | 183 (73.2) | 0.069 (0.793) |
Whole body pain/fatigue | 61 (67.8) | 80 (50.0) | 141 (56.4) | 7.403 (0.007) |
Headache | 51 (56.7) | 71 (44.4) | 122 (48.8) | 3.483 (0.062) |
Cough | 13 (14.4) | 12 (7.5) | 25 (10.0) | 3.086 (0.079) |
Sore throat | 12 (13.3) | 10 (6.2) | 22 (8.8) | 3.601 (0.058) |
Dizziness | 3 (3.3) | 19 (11.9) | 22 (8.8) | 5.236 (0.022) |
Runny nose | 6 (6.7) | 6 (3.8) | 12 (4.8) | 1.072 (0.301) † |
Chills | 0 (0.0) | 10 (6.2) | 10 (4.0) | 5.859 (0.015) † |
Joint pain | 2 (2.2) | 5 (3.1) | 7 (2.8) | 0.172 (0.587) † |
Diarrhea | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.2) | 3 (1.2) | 0.009 (0.735) † |
Shortness of breath | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) | 1.134 (0.549) † |
Chest tightness | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) | 1.134 (0.549) † |
Vomiting | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) | 1.134 (0.549) † |
Backache | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 1.785 (0.630) † |
Skin rash | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 0.565 (0.710) † |
Characteristic | Reported Side-Effects | OR (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 250) | No (n = 187) | |||
Age group (years) | ||||
20–30 (n = 169) | 94 (55.6) | 75 (44.4) | 1 | |
31–40 (n = 202) | 115 (56.9) | 87 (43.1) | 1.06 (0.70, 1.60) | 0.801 |
41–50 (n = 50) | 29 (58.0) | 21 (42.0) | 1.10 (0.58, 2.09) | 0.766 |
>50 (n = 16) | 12 (75.0) | 4 (25.0) | 2.39 (0.74, 7.72) | 0.134 |
Gender | ||||
Female (n = 283) | 160 (56.5) | 123 (43.5) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.38) | 0.701 |
Male (n = 154) | 90 (58.4) | 64 (41.6) | 1 | |
Nationality | ||||
Saudi (n = 190) | 138 (73.8) | 49 (26.2) | 3.47 (2.30, 5.23) | <0.001 * |
Non-Saudi (n = 254) | 112 (44.8) | 138 (55.2) | 1 | |
Marital status | ||||
Married (n = 255) | 145 (57.2) | 105 (42.0) | 1.08 (0.74, 1.58) | 0.699 |
Single (n = 189) | 105 (56.1) | 82 (43.9) | 1 | |
Residence | ||||
Jazan (n = 378) | 205 (54.2) | 173 (45.8) | 0.36 (0.15, 0.86) | 0.017 |
Sabia (n = 29) | 22 (75.9) | 7 (24.1) | 0.96 (0.29, 3.18) | 0.924 |
Abu Arish (n = 30) | 23 (76.7) | 7 (23.3) | 1 | |
Occupation | ||||
Medical (n = 245) | 125 (51.0) | 120 (49.0) | 0.56 (0.38, 0.82) | 0.003 * |
Nonmedical (n = 192) | 125 (65.1) | 67 (34.9) | 1 | |
Diagnosed previously with COVID-19 | ||||
Yes (n = 55) | 28 (50.9) | 27 (49.1) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.32) | 0.313 |
No (n = 382) | 222 (58.1) | 160 (41.9) | 1 |
Characteristic | No. of Reported Side-Effects | Statistics | p |
---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) | |||
Age group (years) | H = 4.079 | 0.245 | |
20–30 (n = 94) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
31–40 (n = 115) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
41–50 (n = 29) | 3 (1, 4) | ||
>50 (n = 12) | 2 (1, 3) | ||
Gender | U = 6366 | 0.117 | |
Female (n = 90) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
Male (n = 160) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
Nationality | U = 7643 | 0.878 | |
Saudi (n = 138) | 2 (3, 4) | ||
Non-Saudi (n = 112) | 2 (3, 4) | ||
Marital status | U = 7475 | 0.802 | |
Married (n = 145) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
Single (n = 105) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
Residence | H = 2.125 | 0.346 | |
Jazan (n = 205) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
Sabia (n = 22) | 3 (2, 4) | ||
Abu Arish (n = 23) | 4 (3, 4) | ||
Occupation | U = 5874 | <0.001 * | |
Medical (n = 125) | 3 (1, 4) | ||
Nonmedical (n = 125) | 4 (3, 4) | ||
Diagnosed previously with COVID-19 | U = 3062 | 0.896 | |
Yes (n = 28) | 3 (3, 4) | ||
No (n = 222) | 3 (2, 4) |
Variable | aOR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
Nationality (Saudi) | 3.65 | 2.40, 5.55 | <0.001 * |
Residence (Jazan) | 0.38 | 0.15, 0.95 | 0.038 * |
Occupation (medical) | 0.67 | 0.43, 1.02 | 0.062 |
Variable | aOR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 0.97 | 0.94, 1.49 | 0.093 |
Gender (female) | 0.61 | 0.38, 0.97 | 0.038 * |
Occupation (medical) | 0.42 | 0.26, 0.66 | <0.001 * |
Onset and Duration of Side-Effects | Male (n = 90) | Female (n = 160) | Total (n = 250) | χ2 (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Onset | 0.172 (0.918) | |||
Day 0 | 84 (93.3) | 150 (93.8) | 234 (93.6) | |
Day 1 | 5 (5.6) | 9 (5.6) | 14 (5.6) | |
Day 2 | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.8) | |
Duration of symptoms | 5.196 (0.268) | |||
One day | 8 (8.9) | 20 (12.5) | 28 (11.2) | |
2–3 days | 46 (51.1) | 87 (54.4) | 133 (53.2) | |
4–5 days | 30 (33.3) | 35 (21.9) | 65 (26.0) | |
6–7 days | 4 (4.4) | 14 (8.8) | 18 (7.2) | |
More than 7 days | 2 (2.2) | 4 (2.5) | 6 (2.4) | |
Medication taken for side-effects | 62 (68.9) | 104 (65.0) | 166 (66.4) | 0.390 (0.532) |
Doctor’s visit due to side-effects | 10 (11.1) | 21 (13.1) | 31 (12.4) | 0.215 (0.643) |
Hospitalization due to side-effects | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 0.565 (0.641) † |
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Darraj, M.A.; Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. Prospective Evaluation of Side-Effects Following the First Dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines 2022, 10, 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020223
Darraj MA, Al-Mekhlafi HM. Prospective Evaluation of Side-Effects Following the First Dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines. 2022; 10(2):223. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020223
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarraj, Majid A., and Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi. 2022. "Prospective Evaluation of Side-Effects Following the First Dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia" Vaccines 10, no. 2: 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020223