Spanish Facebook Posts as an Indicator of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Texas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.1.1. Facebook Data Collection
2.1.2. Dataset Size
2.2. Dependent, Independent, and Control Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sentiment Analysis Results (H1–H2)
3.2. Emotion Analysis Results (H3–H5)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
- Organizaciones que abogan por los derechos de los educadores continúan en su lucha para hacer la vacuna contra el COVID-19 accesible para este sector de trabajadores. Aquí te contamos más (accessed on 6 July 2021).
- Maluma alentó a sus seguidores a que se vacunen contra el covid-19 y relató una anécdota personal en torno a la pandemia: “Después de vacunarme, tuve la oportunidad de volver a abrazar a mis abuelos y eso se siente bien bonito” (accessed on 6 July 2021).
- Millones de niños han dado positivo para el COVID-19 en los Estados Unidos, pero actualmente en el país, solo los adultos pueden vacunarse contra el virus (accessed on 6 July 2021).
- ¡Buenas noticias para aquellos que les temen a las agujas! Varias compañías ya trabajan en tecnología que permitiría distribuir vacunas en píldoras o inhaladores (accessed on 6 July 2021).
- Si ya estás vacunado contra el COVID-19, ¿debes preocuparte sobre la variante delta, una cepa del virus que los expertos de la salud pública están llamando “preocupante”? Esto es lo que la comunidad científica dice sobre el tema, mas en Audacy Latino (accessed on 6 July 2021).
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Variable | Min | 1st Quartile | Median | Mean | 3rd Quartile | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive Sentiment | 0.0003 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.99 |
Negative Sentiment | 0.0005 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.99 |
Fear | 0.0003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.41 |
Joy | 0.0006 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.99 |
Anger | 0.0004 | 0.0012 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.85 |
Data | Source |
---|---|
Spanish Facebook Data | CrowdTangle [26] |
Health Literacy (HL) | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [42] |
Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC/ATSDR SVI Database [43] |
Vaccination Rate | Texas COVID-19 Hospital Resource Usage and Vaccinations [27] |
Race and Ethnicity Composition | American Community Survey (ACS) demographic and housing estimates of the US Census Bureau [29] |
Sentiments/Emotions | Pysentimiento models, fine-tuned on TASS 2020 [30,31,37] and EmoEvent [38] |
Variable | Estimate | Standard Error | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Negative sentiment | −5552.98 | 2228.39 | 0.013 |
HL | 768.19 | 3578.13 | 0.83 |
SVI | −1902.99 | 90,091.50 | 0.98 |
% Hispanic | 103,565.74 | 216,499.41 | 0.63 |
% Black | 622,821.87 | 328,903.21 | 0.06 |
% Asian | −61,849.82 | 563,043.91 | 0.91 |
Variable | Estimate | Standard Error | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Fear | −112,303.83 | 33,655.89 | 0.0008 |
HL | 758.37 | 3562.77 | 0.83 |
SVI | −1066.09 | 90,069.23 | 0.99 |
% Hispanic | 102,014.19 | 215,582.03 | 0.64 |
% Black | 619,033.07 | 327,611.85 | 0.06 |
% Asian | −57,806.59 | 563,194.91 | 0.92 |
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Aleksandric, A.; Anderson, H.I.; Melcher, S.; Nilizadeh, S.; Wilson, G.M. Spanish Facebook Posts as an Indicator of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Texas. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101713
Aleksandric A, Anderson HI, Melcher S, Nilizadeh S, Wilson GM. Spanish Facebook Posts as an Indicator of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Texas. Vaccines. 2022; 10(10):1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101713
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandric, Ana, Henry Isaac Anderson, Sarah Melcher, Shirin Nilizadeh, and Gabriela Mustata Wilson. 2022. "Spanish Facebook Posts as an Indicator of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Texas" Vaccines 10, no. 10: 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101713
APA StyleAleksandric, A., Anderson, H. I., Melcher, S., Nilizadeh, S., & Wilson, G. M. (2022). Spanish Facebook Posts as an Indicator of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Texas. Vaccines, 10(10), 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101713