Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
2.2. B. cinerea Cultivation and Preparation
2.3. Preparation of Priming Compounds
2.4. Plant Treatments
2.5. B. cinerea Infection and Disease Scoring
2.6. ROS Burst Measurements
2.7. H2O2 Extraction and Quantification
2.8. Antioxidant Enzyme Extraction and Activity Measurements
2.9. Soluble Sugar Extraction and Quantification
2.10. Graphical Preperation and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Inulin- and Levan-Type Fructans Induce Resistance against B. cinerea
3.2. B. cinerea Germination and Growth Is Not Significantly Affected by Fructans
3.3. Inulin and LOS Prime the flg22 and OGs Elicitor-Mediated ROS Burst
3.4. Inulin and LOS Induce ROS Accumulation and ROS-Scavenging Enzymes
3.5. Fructan Treatments Prevent Fluctuating Sugar Levels During Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
APX | Ascorbate peroxidase |
BABA | β-Aminobutyric acid |
BFO | Burdock fructooligosaccharide |
CAT | Catalase |
DAB | 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine |
DAMP | Damage Associated Molecular Pattern |
DPI | Diphenyleneiodonium |
Fru | Fructose |
GABA | Gamma aminobutyric acid |
Glc | Glucose |
GPX | Guaiacol peroxidase |
IC | Infection control |
LOS | Levan oligosaccharide |
MAMP | Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern |
OG | Oligogalacturonides |
PDA | Potato dextrose agar |
RLU | Relative Light Units |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
SA | Salicylic acid |
Suc | Sucrose |
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Control | Inulin | p95 | BFOs | Levan | LOS | Dactylis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Germination | 89.11 | 89.32 | 92.29 | 89.59 | 93.51 | 92.89 | 81.70 |
SD | 2.82 | 1.65 | 0.99 | 1.44 | 4.97 | 1.28 | 3.79 |
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Janse van Rensburg, H.C.; Takács, Z.; Freynschlag, F.; Toksoy Öner, E.; Jonak, C.; Van den Ende, W. Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090805
Janse van Rensburg HC, Takács Z, Freynschlag F, Toksoy Öner E, Jonak C, Van den Ende W. Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(9):805. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090805
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanse van Rensburg, Henry Christopher, Zoltan Takács, Florentina Freynschlag, Ebru Toksoy Öner, Claudia Jonak, and Wim Van den Ende. 2020. "Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis" Antioxidants 9, no. 9: 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090805