Implications of CD36 Gene Variants in Oxidative Stress Markers Between Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Parra-Reyna, Brenda; Roa-Bruzón, Iliannis Yisel; García-Garduño, Texali Candelaria; Duany-Almira, Luis Felix; Quintero-Ramos, Antonio; Padilla-Gutiérrez, Jorge Ramón; Flores-Salinas, Héctor Enrique; Valdes-Alvarado, Emmanuel; Muñoz-Valle, José Francisco; Valle, Yeminia

doi:10.3390/antiox14080999

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Implications of CD36 Gene Variants in Oxidative Stress Markers Between Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

by

Brenda Parra-Reyna

^1,2,†,

Iliannis Yisel Roa-Bruzón

^1,2,†

,

Texali Candelaria García-Garduño

^1,2,

Luis Felix Duany-Almira

^1,2

,

Antonio Quintero-Ramos

³

,

Jorge Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez

¹

,

Héctor Enrique Flores-Salinas

⁴,

Emmanuel Valdes-Alvarado

¹

,

José Francisco Muñoz-Valle

¹ and

Yeminia Valle

^1,*

¹

Institute for Biomedical Sciences Research, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico

²

PhD Program in Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico

³

Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico

⁴

Cardiology Specialty, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Antioxidants 2025, 14(8), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080999

Submission received: 9 July 2025 / Revised: 10 August 2025 / Accepted: 13 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Aberrant Oxidation of Biomolecules)

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 90% of diabetes cases and worsens cardiovascular health by causing oxidative stress, which leads to oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and foam cell formation, contributing to atherosclerosis. This study examined the relationship between CD36 gene variants, soluble CD36 (sCD36), oxLDL, and MDA-LDL in T2DM and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STE-T2DM) patients in western Mexico. The analysis included 400 T2DM patients, 400 STE-T2DM patients, and 400 healthy controls. Results showed that STE-T2DM patients were older, mainly male, and had higher rates of smoking, sedentarism, and hypertension. Both diabetic groups exhibited elevated triacylglycerols and low HDL, with significantly higher C-reactive protein in STE-T2DM (p < 0.0001). No significant differences in CD36 gene variant frequencies were found, but sCD36 levels were elevated in STE-T2DM, with associations to specific genotypes. oxLDL was higher in STE-T2DM compared to controls (p = 0.0268). Binary logistic regression analysis identified male sex, younger age, sedentarism, and rs3173798 T/T genotype as independent risk factors for myocardial infarction (AUC: 0.9267, p < 0.0001). Elevated sCD36 levels may reflect atherosclerosis progression in diabetes, indicating the need for further studies to clarify CD36’s role in cardiometabolic dysfunction. These findings highlight CD36’s involvement in oxidative stress responses through its interaction with oxLDL and MDA-LDL, suggesting its potential role as a molecular target in antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Keywords: age; CD36 gene; external factors; genetic susceptibility; MDA-LDL; OxLDL; sex; soluble CD36; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Parra-Reyna, B.; Roa-Bruzón, I.Y.; García-Garduño, T.C.; Duany-Almira, L.F.; Quintero-Ramos, A.; Padilla-Gutiérrez, J.R.; Flores-Salinas, H.E.; Valdes-Alvarado, E.; Muñoz-Valle, J.F.; Valle, Y. Implications of CD36 Gene Variants in Oxidative Stress Markers Between Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Antioxidants 2025, 14, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080999

AMA Style

Parra-Reyna B, Roa-Bruzón IY, García-Garduño TC, Duany-Almira LF, Quintero-Ramos A, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Flores-Salinas HE, Valdes-Alvarado E, Muñoz-Valle JF, Valle Y. Implications of CD36 Gene Variants in Oxidative Stress Markers Between Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Antioxidants. 2025; 14(8):999. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080999

Chicago/Turabian Style

Parra-Reyna, Brenda, Iliannis Yisel Roa-Bruzón, Texali Candelaria García-Garduño, Luis Felix Duany-Almira, Antonio Quintero-Ramos, Jorge Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez, Héctor Enrique Flores-Salinas, Emmanuel Valdes-Alvarado, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, and Yeminia Valle. 2025. "Implications of CD36 Gene Variants in Oxidative Stress Markers Between Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction" Antioxidants 14, no. 8: 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080999

APA Style

Parra-Reyna, B., Roa-Bruzón, I. Y., García-Garduño, T. C., Duany-Almira, L. F., Quintero-Ramos, A., Padilla-Gutiérrez, J. R., Flores-Salinas, H. E., Valdes-Alvarado, E., Muñoz-Valle, J. F., & Valle, Y. (2025). Implications of CD36 Gene Variants in Oxidative Stress Markers Between Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Antioxidants, 14(8), 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080999

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Implications of CD36 Gene Variants in Oxidative Stress Markers Between Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

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