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Antioxidants
Volume 14
Issue 8
10.3390/antiox14080940
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Article

The Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, Gene Expression and Functional Analysis

by
Jing Yang
,
Anna Xu
,
Kexin An
,
Lilong Wang
,
Taiping Luo
,
Xinyue Yu
,
Haibo Yin
,
Shanli Guo
* and
Xia Zhang
*
Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2025, 14(8), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080940
Submission received: 24 June 2025 / Revised: 24 July 2025 / Accepted: 28 July 2025 / Published: 30 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Plant Stress and Plant Physiology)
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Abstract

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is crucial in mediating plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify the GPX gene family in quinoa. A total of 15 CqGPX genes were identified at the quinoa genome level and conducted preliminary analysis on their protein characteristics, chromosome distribution, gene structure, conserved domain structure, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GPX genes of quinoa, Arabidopsis, soybean, rice, and maize were divided into three groups. Most of the CqGPXs had the three characteristic conserved motifs and other conserved sequences and amino acid residues. Six types of cis-acting elements were identified in the CqGPX gene promoter, with stress and hormone response-related cis-acting elements constituting the two main categories. Additionally, the expression patterns of CqGPX genes across various tissues and their responses to treatments with NaCl, PEG, CdCl2, and H2O2 were also investigated. The qRT-PCR results showed significant differences in the expression levels of the CqGPX genes under stress treatment at different time points. Consistently, the activity of glutathione peroxidase enzymes increased under stresses. Heterologous expression of CqGPX4 and CqGPX15 conferred stress tolerance to E. coli. This study will provide a reference for exploring the function of CqGPX genes.
Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa; glutathione peroxidase (GPX); genome-wide; stress; gene expression Chenopodium quinoa; glutathione peroxidase (GPX); genome-wide; stress; gene expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, J.; Xu, A.; An, K.; Wang, L.; Luo, T.; Yu, X.; Yin, H.; Guo, S.; Zhang, X. The Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, Gene Expression and Functional Analysis. Antioxidants 2025, 14, 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080940

AMA Style

Yang J, Xu A, An K, Wang L, Luo T, Yu X, Yin H, Guo S, Zhang X. The Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, Gene Expression and Functional Analysis. Antioxidants. 2025; 14(8):940. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080940

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Jing, Anna Xu, Kexin An, Lilong Wang, Taiping Luo, Xinyue Yu, Haibo Yin, Shanli Guo, and Xia Zhang. 2025. "The Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, Gene Expression and Functional Analysis" Antioxidants 14, no. 8: 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080940

APA Style

Yang, J., Xu, A., An, K., Wang, L., Luo, T., Yu, X., Yin, H., Guo, S., & Zhang, X. (2025). The Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, Gene Expression and Functional Analysis. Antioxidants, 14(8), 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080940

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