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Antioxidants
Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/antiox14121420
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Novel Rhodotorula evergladensis CXCN-6 Rich in Torularhodin and PUFAs with Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

by
Chaiwoo Park
1,†,
Myeongsam Park
1,2,†,
Tingting Li
1,
Chunxiao Shen
1,
Zuxuan Zheng
1,
Yitong Ge
1,
Xuanyan Jin
1,
Maolin Wei
1,
Jaehwan Choi
1,
Jae Sung Hwang
2,* and
Zhengqun Li
1,*
1
R&I Center, COSMAX China, 529 Xiaonan Road, Shanghai 201400, China
2
Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2025, 14(12), 1420; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14121420
Submission received: 7 November 2025 / Revised: 25 November 2025 / Accepted: 25 November 2025 / Published: 27 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Extraction and Industrial Applications of Antioxidants)
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Abstract

Carotenoids and microbial lipids are valuable bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Microbial biosynthesis provides a sustainable alternative to conventional plant extraction and chemical synthesis. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula evergladensis CXCN-6, from the surface of Nymphaea ‘Gorgeous Purple’. The strain displayed intense reddish-orange pigmentation due to intracellular carotenoid accumulation. HPLC and LC–MS analyses identified torularhodin as the predominant carotenoid (m/z 563.4 [M]+), while lipids were rich in linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1), and α-linolenic (C18:3) acids. Under optimized fermentation, CXCN-6 yielded 63.56 mg/L torularhodin and 9.83 g/L total lipids. The CXCN-6 extract showed strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels in UVA (9 J/cm2)-stimulated HaCaT cells. It also suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in LPS-activated macrophages without cytotoxicity. Collectively, these results establish R. evergladensis CXCN-6 as a novel and efficient microbial platform for the co-production of torularhodin and PUFA-rich lipids with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering promising applications in nutraceutical, skincare, and functional food industries.
Keywords: Rhodotorula evergladensis; carotenoids; torularhodin; microbial lipids; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory Rhodotorula evergladensis; carotenoids; torularhodin; microbial lipids; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory
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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, C.; Park, M.; Li, T.; Shen, C.; Zheng, Z.; Ge, Y.; Jin, X.; Wei, M.; Choi, J.; Hwang, J.S.; et al. A Novel Rhodotorula evergladensis CXCN-6 Rich in Torularhodin and PUFAs with Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Antioxidants 2025, 14, 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14121420

AMA Style

Park C, Park M, Li T, Shen C, Zheng Z, Ge Y, Jin X, Wei M, Choi J, Hwang JS, et al. A Novel Rhodotorula evergladensis CXCN-6 Rich in Torularhodin and PUFAs with Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Antioxidants. 2025; 14(12):1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14121420

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Chaiwoo, Myeongsam Park, Tingting Li, Chunxiao Shen, Zuxuan Zheng, Yitong Ge, Xuanyan Jin, Maolin Wei, Jaehwan Choi, Jae Sung Hwang, and et al. 2025. "A Novel Rhodotorula evergladensis CXCN-6 Rich in Torularhodin and PUFAs with Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities" Antioxidants 14, no. 12: 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14121420

APA Style

Park, C., Park, M., Li, T., Shen, C., Zheng, Z., Ge, Y., Jin, X., Wei, M., Choi, J., Hwang, J. S., & Li, Z. (2025). A Novel Rhodotorula evergladensis CXCN-6 Rich in Torularhodin and PUFAs with Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Antioxidants, 14(12), 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14121420

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