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Antioxidants
Volume 14
Issue 11
10.3390/antiox14111358
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of Arthrospira platensis Polysaccharide Component 1 (PAP-1)

by
Haifeng Yuan
,
Yuheng Wei
,
Zhaoyuan He
,
Xinrui Wang
,
Xiaoli Yu
,
Qiuhua Wang
,
Meiling Yu
and
Tingjun Hu
*
College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2025, 14(11), 1358; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14111358 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 13 October 2025 / Revised: 7 November 2025 / Accepted: 11 November 2025 / Published: 13 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Arthrospira platensis polysaccharide component 1 (PAP-1), a purified polysaccharide monomer isolated from Arthrospira platensis, exhibits pronounced antioxidant activity. To investigate the in vivo and in vitro regulatory effects of PAP-1 on antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory mediators in mice and RAW264.7 cells, the mice were administered PAP-1 by gavage, and the cells were cultured with PAP-1. Subsequently, serum, lung, spleen, and thymus tissues from mice, as well as the cultured RAW264.7 cells, were collected for analysis using RNA sequencing, commercial assay kits, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that PAP-1 significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress-related indicators (NO, iNOS, MDA, MPO, and XOD), while markedly enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) (p < 0.05), a trend consistently observed in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Furthermore, PAP-1 upregulated the expression of key antioxidant genes and proteins, including HO-1, NQO1, GCLM, p62, Prdx1, and SLC7A11. Collectively, these findings indicate that PAP-1 exerts regulatory antioxidant effects in mice and RAW264.7 cells by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and suppressing oxidative stress responses, underscoring its potential as a natural antioxidant agent.
Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; polysaccharide component (PAP-1); antioxidant behaviour; oxidative stress; RNA-seq; in vivo study; cellular study Arthrospira platensis; polysaccharide component (PAP-1); antioxidant behaviour; oxidative stress; RNA-seq; in vivo study; cellular study

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yuan, H.; Wei, Y.; He, Z.; Wang, X.; Yu, X.; Wang, Q.; Yu, M.; Hu, T. In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of Arthrospira platensis Polysaccharide Component 1 (PAP-1). Antioxidants 2025, 14, 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14111358

AMA Style

Yuan H, Wei Y, He Z, Wang X, Yu X, Wang Q, Yu M, Hu T. In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of Arthrospira platensis Polysaccharide Component 1 (PAP-1). Antioxidants. 2025; 14(11):1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14111358

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan, Haifeng, Yuheng Wei, Zhaoyuan He, Xinrui Wang, Xiaoli Yu, Qiuhua Wang, Meiling Yu, and Tingjun Hu. 2025. "In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of Arthrospira platensis Polysaccharide Component 1 (PAP-1)" Antioxidants 14, no. 11: 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14111358

APA Style

Yuan, H., Wei, Y., He, Z., Wang, X., Yu, X., Wang, Q., Yu, M., & Hu, T. (2025). In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of Arthrospira platensis Polysaccharide Component 1 (PAP-1). Antioxidants, 14(11), 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14111358

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