Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Mango Leaf, Olive Leaf and Red Grape Pomace over Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Material
2.2. Chemicals and Reagents
2.3. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)
2.4. Extraction Yield and Total Polyphenol Content (TPC)
2.5. Antioxidant Activity by DPPH Method
2.6. Selection of Extracts
2.7. ECFCs Culture and Cell Characterization
2.8. Angiogenesis Assay
2.9. Proliferation-Differentiation Assay
2.10. Apoptosis Assay
2.11. Anti-Inflammatory Assay
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chemical and Functional Characterization of Extracts Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)
3.2. Selection of the Extracts’ Working Concentrations
3.3. Extracts Enhance the Angiogenic Capacity of ECFCs
3.4. Olive, Grape and Mango Extracts Decrease the Proliferation of ECFCs and Promote Their Differentiation into Mature ECs
3.5. Extracts Reduce Apoptosis in ECFCs
3.6. Extracts Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in ECFCs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sánchez-Gomar, I.; Benítez-Camacho, J.; Cejudo-Bastante, C.; Casas, L.; Moreno-Luna, R.; Mantell, C.; Durán-Ruiz, M.C. Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Mango Leaf, Olive Leaf and Red Grape Pomace over Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050851
Sánchez-Gomar I, Benítez-Camacho J, Cejudo-Bastante C, Casas L, Moreno-Luna R, Mantell C, Durán-Ruiz MC. Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Mango Leaf, Olive Leaf and Red Grape Pomace over Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(5):851. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050851
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-Gomar, Ismael, Josefa Benítez-Camacho, Cristina Cejudo-Bastante, Lourdes Casas, Rafael Moreno-Luna, Casimiro Mantell, and Mª Carmen Durán-Ruiz. 2022. "Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Mango Leaf, Olive Leaf and Red Grape Pomace over Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells" Antioxidants 11, no. 5: 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050851
APA StyleSánchez-Gomar, I., Benítez-Camacho, J., Cejudo-Bastante, C., Casas, L., Moreno-Luna, R., Mantell, C., & Durán-Ruiz, M. C. (2022). Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Mango Leaf, Olive Leaf and Red Grape Pomace over Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Antioxidants, 11(5), 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050851