Microbial Phenolic Metabolites in Urine Are Inversely Linked to Certain Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Spanish Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Assessment of Cardiometabolic Parameters
2.3. Determination of Urinary Phenolic Metabolites
2.3.1. Reagents and Standards
2.3.2. Urine Sample Collection and Treatment for MPM Analysis
2.3.3. Chromatographic Conditions
2.3.4. Creatinine Analysis
2.4. Assessment of Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Association between MPM and Cardiometabolic Health Parameters
3.3. Association between MPM and MetS and Its Clinical Features
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BG | blood glucose |
CI | confidence interval |
DBP | diastolic blood pressure |
FDR | false discovery rate |
HDL-c | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-HRMS | High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer |
LOQ | limit of quantitation |
MAP | mean arterial pressure |
MAD | mean absolute deviation method |
MetS | metabolic syndrome |
MS | mass spectra |
MPM | microbial phenolic metabolites |
OR | odds ratio |
SBP | systolic blood pressure |
TG | triglycerides |
UM | Urinary metabotypes |
WC | waist circumference |
References
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Characteristics | Total |
---|---|
Female, n (%) | 304 (54) |
Age, years | 12.0 ± 0.4 |
WC, cm | 73.6 ± 11.4 |
SBP, mm Hg | 105.3 ± 11.2 |
DBP, mm Hg | 62.5 ± 9.3 |
BG, mg/dL | 102.9 ± 14.2 |
TG, mg/dL | 87.9 ± 47.2 |
HDL-c, mg/dL | 62.4 ± 16.5 |
MetS score | 0.01 ± 3.04 |
MetS, n (%) | 16 (3) |
Clinical features | |
Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 122 (22) |
High blood pressure, n (%) | 2 (0.4) |
Low HDL-c, n (%) | 32 (6) |
High TG, n (%) | 43 (8) |
High BG, n (%) | 159 (28) |
Total energy intake, kcal/day | 2492.1 ± 586.4 |
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, n (%) | |
<60 min/day | 156 (28) |
≥60 min/day | 404 (72) |
Household income, n (%) | |
Low | 173 (32) |
Medium | 144 (27) |
High | 216 (41) |
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Laveriano-Santos, E.P.; Quifer-Rada, P.; Marhuenda-Muñoz, M.; Arancibia-Riveros, C.; Vallverdú-Queralt, A.; Tresserra-Rimbau, A.; Ruiz-León, A.M.; Casas, R.; Estruch, R.; Bodega, P.; et al. Microbial Phenolic Metabolites in Urine Are Inversely Linked to Certain Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Spanish Adolescents. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 2191. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112191
Laveriano-Santos EP, Quifer-Rada P, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Arancibia-Riveros C, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Ruiz-León AM, Casas R, Estruch R, Bodega P, et al. Microbial Phenolic Metabolites in Urine Are Inversely Linked to Certain Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Spanish Adolescents. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(11):2191. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112191
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaveriano-Santos, Emily P., Paola Quifer-Rada, María Marhuenda-Muñoz, Camila Arancibia-Riveros, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Ana María Ruiz-León, Rosa Casas, Ramon Estruch, Patricia Bodega, and et al. 2022. "Microbial Phenolic Metabolites in Urine Are Inversely Linked to Certain Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Spanish Adolescents" Antioxidants 11, no. 11: 2191. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112191