Age-Related Deficits in Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Word List Free Recall
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Semantic Clustering Scores
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Craik, F.I.M.; McDowd, J.M. Age differences in recall and recognition. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 1987, 13, 474–479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kahana, M.J.; Howard, M.W.; Zaromb, F.; Wingfield, A. Age dissociates recency and lag recency effects in free recall. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 2002, 3, 530–540. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Howard, M.W.; Kahana, M.J. A distributed representation of temporal context. J. Math. Psychol. 2002, 46, 269–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wingfield, A.; Lindfield, K.C.; Kahana, M.J. Adult age differences in the temporal characteristics of category free recall. Psychol. Aging 1998, 13, 256–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Craik, F.I.M.; Jennings, J.M. Human memory. In Handbook of Aging and Cognition, 1st ed.; Craik, F.I.M., Salthouse, T.A., Eds.; Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ, USA, 1992; pp. 51–110. [Google Scholar]
- Rybarczyk, B.D.; Hart, R.P.; Harkins, S.W. Age and forgetting rate with pictorial stimuli. Psychol. Aging 1987, 2, 404–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- West, R. An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychol. Bull. 1996, 120, 272–292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Parkin, A.J.; Walter, B.M. Recollective experience, normal aging, and frontal dysfunction. Psychol. Aging 1992, 7, 290–298. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Haug, H.; Eggers, R. Morphometry of the human cortex cerebri and human striatum during aging. Neurobiol. Aging 1991, 12, 336–338. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cabeza, R.; Grady, C.L.; Nyberg, L.; McIntosh, A.R.; Tulving, E.; Kapur, S.; Jennings, J.M.; Houle, S.; Craik, F.I.M. Age-related differences in neural activity during memory encoding and retrieval: A positron emission tomography study. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17, 391–400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stebbins, G.T.; Carrillo, M.C.; Dorman, J.; Dirksen, C.; Desond, J.E.; Turner, D.A.; Bennett, D.A.; Wilson, R.S.; Glover, G.; Gabrieli, J.D. Aging effects on memory encoding in the frontal lobes. Psychol. Aging 2002, 17, 44–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baldo, J.V.; Delis, D.; Kramer, J.; Shimamura, A.P. Memory performance on the California Verbal Learning Test II: Finding from patients with local frontal lesions. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2002, 8, 539–546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Janowsky, J.S.; Shimamura, A.P.; Squire, L.R. Source memory impairment in patients with frontal lobe lesions. Neuropsychologia 1989, 27, 1043–1056. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simons, J.S.; Verfaellie, M.; Galton, C.J.; Miller, B.L.; Hodges, J.R.; Graham, K.S. Recollection-based memory in frontotemporal dementia: Implications for theories of long-term memory. Brain 2002, 125, 2523–2536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moscovitch, M. Amnesia. In The International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences; Smesler, N.B., Baltes, O.B., Eds.; Pergamon/Elsevier Science: Oxford, UK, 2004; pp. 1–26. [Google Scholar]
- Moscovitch, M.; Westmacott, R.; Gilboa, A.; Addis, D.R.; Rosenbaum, R.S.; Viskontas, I.; Priselac, S.; Svoboda, E.; Ziegler, M.; Black, S.; et al. Hippocampal complex contribution to retention and retrieval of recent and remote episodic and semantic memories: Evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies of healthy and brain-damaged people. In Dynamic Cognitive Processes; Ohta, N., MacLeod, C.M., Uttl, B., Eds.; Springer: Tokyo, Japan, 2005; pp. 333–380. [Google Scholar]
- Nadel, L.; Moscovitch, M. Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1997, 7, 217–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nadel, L.; Samsonovich, A.; Ryan, L.; Moscovitch, M. Multiple trace theory of human memory: Computational, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological results. Hippocampus 2000, 10, 352–368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simons, J.S.; Spiers, H.J. Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe interactions in long-term memory. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4, 637–648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stricker, J.L.; Brown, G.G.; Wixted, J.T.; Baldo, J.V.; Delis, D. New semantic and serial clustering indices for the California Verbal Learning Test 2: Background, rationale, and formulae. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2002, 8, 425–435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Taconnat, L.; Raz, N.; Tocze, C.; Bouazzaoui, B.; Sauzeon, H.; Fay, S.; Isingrini, M. Ageing and organisation strategies in free recall: the role of cognitive flexibility. Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol. 2009, 21, 347–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Backman, L.; Larsson, M. Recall of organizable words and objects in adulthood: Influences of instructions, retention interval, and retrieval cues. J. Gerontol. 1992, 47, P273–P278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Verhaeghen, P.; Marcoen, A. More or less the same? A memorability analysis on episodic memory tasks in young and older adults. J. Gerontol. 1993, 48, P172–P178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Elhalal, A.; Davelaar, E.J.; Usher, M. The role of the frontal cortex in memory: An investigation of the Von Restorff effect. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2014, 8, 410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Norman, M.A.; Evans, J.D.; Miller, S.W.; Heaton, R.K. Demographically corrected norms for the California Verbal Learning Test. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 2000, 22, 80–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glanzer, M. Distance between related words in free recall: Trace of the STS. J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav. 1969, 8, 105–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davelaar, E.J.; Haarmann, H.J.; Goshen-Gottstein, Y.; Usher, M. Semantic similarity dissociates short from long-term recency effects: Testing a neurocomputational model of list memory. Mem. Cogn. 2006, 34, 323–334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haarmann, H.J.; Usher, M. Maintenance of semantic information in capacity-limited item short-term memory. Psychol. Bull. Rev. 2001, 8, 568–578. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cowan, N. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behav. Brain Sci. 2001, 24, 87–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raaijmakers, J.G.W.; Shiffrin, R.M. Search of associative memory. Psychol. Rev. 1981, 88, 93–134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nelson, D.L.; McEvoy, C.L.; Schreiber, T.A. The University of South Florida word association, rhyme, and word fragment norms. Available online: http://www.usf.edu/FreeAssociation/ (accessed on 30 January 2008).
- Bousfield, A.K.; Bousfield, W.A. Measurement of clustering and of sequential constancies in repeated free recall. Psychol. Rep. 1966, 19, 935–942. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Delis, D.C.; Kramer, J.H.; Kaplan, E.; Ober, B. California Verbal Learning Test: Adult Version Manual, 1st ed.; The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX, USA, 1987. [Google Scholar]
- Sternberg, R.J.; Tulving, E. The measurement of subjective organization in free recall. Psychol. Bull. 1977, 84, 539–556. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Naveh-Benjamin, M. Adult age differences in memory performance: Tests of an associative deficit hypothesis. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 2000, 26, 1170–1187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haarmann, H.J.; Ashling, G.E.; Davelaar, E.J.; Usher, M. Age-related declines in context maintenance and semantic short-term memory. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 2005, 58, 34–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hirst, W.; Volpe, B.T. Memory strategies with brain damage. Brain Cogn. 1988, 8, 379–408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tulving, E.; Kapur, S.; Craik, F.I.M.; Moscovitch, M.; Houle, S. Hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in episodic memory: Positron emission tomography findings. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1994, 91, 2016–2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Becker, S.; Lim, J. A computational model of prefrontal control in free recall: Strategic memory use in the California Verbal Learning Task. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2003, 15, 821–832. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moscovitch, M.; Winocur, G. Frontal lobes, memory and aging. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1995, 769, 119–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Cadar, D.; Usher, M.; Davelaar, E.J. Age-Related Deficits in Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Word List Free Recall. Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8120211
Cadar D, Usher M, Davelaar EJ. Age-Related Deficits in Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Word List Free Recall. Brain Sciences. 2018; 8(12):211. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8120211
Chicago/Turabian StyleCadar, Dorina, Marius Usher, and Eddy J. Davelaar. 2018. "Age-Related Deficits in Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Word List Free Recall" Brain Sciences 8, no. 12: 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8120211
APA StyleCadar, D., Usher, M., & Davelaar, E. J. (2018). Age-Related Deficits in Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Word List Free Recall. Brain Sciences, 8(12), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8120211