Effects of Various Caffeine Doses on Cognitive Abilities in Female Athletes with Low Caffeine Consumption
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Design
2.2.1. Habitual CAF Intake Assessment
2.2.2. Simple Reaction Time (SRT)
2.2.3. Choice Reaction Time (CRT)
2.2.4. Attention Task (AT)
2.2.5. Mental Rotation Test (MRT)
2.2.6. Undesirable Side Effects of the CAF Intake Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Simple Reaction Time (SRT)
3.2. Choice Reaction Time (CRT)
3.3. Attention Task (AT)
3.4. Mental Rotation Test (MRT)
3.4.1. MRT Time
3.4.2. MRT Errors
3.5. Undesirable Side Effects of the CAF Intake Questionnaire
4. Discussion
Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PLAC | 3 mg of CAF | 6 mg of CAF | 9 mg of CAF | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q + 0 h | Q + 24 h | Q + 0 h | Q + 24 h | Q + 0 h | Q + 24 h | Q + 0 h | Q + 24 h | |
Muscle soreness | 0 | 7.14 | 0 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 14.28 |
Increased urine output | 0 | 7.14 | 0 | 7.14 | 0 | 14.28 | 0 | 35.71 |
Tachycardia | 7.14 | 0 | 14.28 | 14.28 | 21.42 | 14.28 | 35.71 | 35.71 |
Anxiety or nervousness | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 21.42 |
Headache | 7.14 | 0 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 14.28 | 21.42 | 28.57 |
Gastrointestinal problems | 0 | 7.14 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 0 | 28.57 | 35.71 |
Insomnia | - | 0 | - | 0 | - | 14.28 | - | 28.57 |
Increased vigor/activeness | 7.14 | 0 | 7.14 | 0 | 14.28 | 7.14 | 14.28 | 7.14 |
Perception of performance improvement | 7.14 | - | 14.28 | - | 14.28 | - | 14.28 | - |
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Bougrine, H.; Ammar, A.; Salem, A.; Trabelsi, K.; Jahrami, H.; Chtourou, H.; Souissi, N. Effects of Various Caffeine Doses on Cognitive Abilities in Female Athletes with Low Caffeine Consumption. Brain Sci. 2024, 14, 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030280
Bougrine H, Ammar A, Salem A, Trabelsi K, Jahrami H, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Effects of Various Caffeine Doses on Cognitive Abilities in Female Athletes with Low Caffeine Consumption. Brain Sciences. 2024; 14(3):280. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030280
Chicago/Turabian StyleBougrine, Houda, Achraf Ammar, Atef Salem, Khaled Trabelsi, Haitham Jahrami, Hamdi Chtourou, and Nizar Souissi. 2024. "Effects of Various Caffeine Doses on Cognitive Abilities in Female Athletes with Low Caffeine Consumption" Brain Sciences 14, no. 3: 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030280
APA StyleBougrine, H., Ammar, A., Salem, A., Trabelsi, K., Jahrami, H., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2024). Effects of Various Caffeine Doses on Cognitive Abilities in Female Athletes with Low Caffeine Consumption. Brain Sciences, 14(3), 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030280