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Article

Familiarity Processing through Faces and Names: Insights from Multivoxel Pattern Analysis

by
Ana Maria Castro-Laguardia
1,
Marlis Ontivero-Ortega
1,
Cristina Morato
2,†,
Ignacio Lucas
2,†,
Jaime Vila
2,
María Antonieta Bobes León
1,* and
Pedro Guerra Muñoz
2
1
Department of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences (CNEURO), Rotonda La Muñeca, 15202 Avenida 25, La Habana 11600, Cuba
2
Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada (UGR), Avda. del Hospicio, s/n P.C., 18010 Granada, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010039
Submission received: 14 November 2023 / Revised: 24 December 2023 / Accepted: 29 December 2023 / Published: 30 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue People Recognition through Face, Voice, Name and Their Interactions)
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Abstract

The way our brain processes personal familiarity is still debatable. We used searchlight multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to identify areas where local fMRI patterns could contribute to familiarity detection for both faces and name categories. Significantly, we identified cortical areas in frontal, temporal, cingulate, and insular areas, where it is possible to accurately cross-classify familiar stimuli from one category using a classifier trained with the stimulus from the other (i.e., abstract familiarity) based on local fMRI patterns. We also discovered several areas in the fusiform gyrus, frontal, and temporal regions—primarily lateralized to the right hemisphere—supporting the classification of familiar faces but failing to do so for names. Also, responses to familiar names (compared to unfamiliar names) consistently showed less activation strength than responses to familiar faces (compared to unfamiliar faces). The results evinced a set of abstract familiarity areas (independent of the stimulus type) and regions specifically related only to face familiarity, contributing to recognizing familiar individuals.
Keywords: faces; familiarity processing; multivoxel pattern analysis faces; familiarity processing; multivoxel pattern analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Castro-Laguardia, A.M.; Ontivero-Ortega, M.; Morato, C.; Lucas, I.; Vila, J.; Bobes León, M.A.; Muñoz, P.G. Familiarity Processing through Faces and Names: Insights from Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Brain Sci. 2024, 14, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010039

AMA Style

Castro-Laguardia AM, Ontivero-Ortega M, Morato C, Lucas I, Vila J, Bobes León MA, Muñoz PG. Familiarity Processing through Faces and Names: Insights from Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Brain Sciences. 2024; 14(1):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010039

Chicago/Turabian Style

Castro-Laguardia, Ana Maria, Marlis Ontivero-Ortega, Cristina Morato, Ignacio Lucas, Jaime Vila, María Antonieta Bobes León, and Pedro Guerra Muñoz. 2024. "Familiarity Processing through Faces and Names: Insights from Multivoxel Pattern Analysis" Brain Sciences 14, no. 1: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010039

APA Style

Castro-Laguardia, A. M., Ontivero-Ortega, M., Morato, C., Lucas, I., Vila, J., Bobes León, M. A., & Muñoz, P. G. (2024). Familiarity Processing through Faces and Names: Insights from Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Brain Sciences, 14(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010039

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